Abstract
The disciplinary problem in schools is a major concern for government, educators, parents and society in Malaysia. Knowing that discipline problems will be dealt with fairly and consistently has been shown to have a dramatic impact on student well-being and achievement. This study discussed the discipline issues in Malaysia; the affects of reactive and punitive approach; root cause attributing to the students discipline problems; how to cope with the disciplinary problems; and using social-emotional learning (SEL) to develop discipline among students. SEL is a promising approach that is able to reduce risky behaviours, increase desirable behaviours and promoting positive development.
Keywords
- Discipline Search this journal for Discipline (opens in a new tab)
- Reactive and Punitive Approach Search this journal for Reactive and Punitive Approach (opens in a new tab)
- Social-Emotional Skills Search this journal for Social-Emotional Skills (opens in a new tab)
- Mental Health Search this journal for Mental Health (opens in a new tab)
- SocialEmotional Learning Search this journal for SocialEmotional Learning (opens in a new tab)
References
- Bar-On, R. (1997). The Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i): A test of emotional intelligence. Toronto, Canada: Multi-Health Systems, Inc.
- Barry, M. (2012). Mental health, social and emotional competencies and learning outcomes – fields of common interest and responsibility? Workshop on the role of mental health and social emotional learning in promoting educational attainment and preventing early school leaving, 9 October 2012. Directorate-General for Education and Culture, European Commission, Luxemburg.
- Bear, G. (2011). Fostering positive school climate: developing supportive relationship and self-discipline. NASP. MD.
- Bechuke, A. L. & Debeila, J. R. (2012). Applying choice theory in fostering discipline: managing and modifying challenging learners’ behaviours in South African schools. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2(22), 240-255.
- Bennathan, M. (1992). The care and education of troubled children. Therapeutic Care and Education , 1(1).
- Blum, R. W. & Libbey, H. P. (2004). School connectedness—Strengthening health and education outcomes for teenagers. Journal of School Health, 74, 229–299.
- Cassen, R., Feinstein, L. & Graham, P. (2009). Educational outcomes: Adversity and resilience. Social Policy and Society, 8(01), 73-85.
- Center for Mental Health in Schools. (2008). Frameworks for Systemic Transformation of Student and Learning Supports. Los Angeles: Author.
- Che Rozaniza, A., Asbah, R. & Rajalingam, P. (2013). Promoting Positive Mental Health among Students in Malaysia. Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 73-82.
- Christle, C. A., Jolivette, K. & Nelson, C. M. (2005). Breaking the school to prison pipeline: Identifying school risk and protective factors for youth delinquency, exceptionality. Special Education Journal, 13(2), 69-88. doi.10.1207/s15327035ex1302_2
- Ciarrochi, J., Chan, A. & Caputi, P. (2000). A critical evaluation of the emotional intelligence construct. Personality and Individual Differences, 29(2).
- Civic Enterprises., Bridgeland, J., Bruce, M. & Hariharan, (2013). The Missing Piece: A National Teacher Survey on How Social and Emotional Learning Can Empower Children and Transform Schools. Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning. Chicago: Author.
- Collaborative for Academic Social and Emotional Learning (CASEL). (2007). Promoting Children’s Success in School and Life. Chicago, IL: Author.
- Dawda, D. & Hart, S. D. (2000). Assessing emotional intelligence: Reliability and validity of the Bar on Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-I) in university students. Personality and Individual Differences, 28.
- De Castro, O. B., Veerman, J. W., Koops, W., Bosch, J. D. & Monshouwer, H. J. (2002). Hostile attribution of intent and aggressive behavior: A Meta analysis. Child Development, 73, 916–934.
- DeVoe, J. F., Kaffenberger, S. & Chandler, K. (2005). Student reports of bullying: results from the 2001 school crime supplement to the national crime victimization survey. Statistical Analysis Report. National Centre for Education Statistics. Institute of Education Sciences. U. S. Department of Education.
- Diekstra, R. F. W. (2008). Effectiveness of school-based social and emotional education programme worldwide. In Social and emotional education: An international analysis (pp. 255-312). Santender, Spain: Foundation Marcelino Botin.
- Dupper, D. R. (2010). A New Model of School Discipline: Engaging Students and Preventing Behavior Problems. Oxford University Press, Inc. New York.
- Durlak, J. A., Weissberg, R. P., Dymnicki, A. B., Taylor, R. D. & Schellinger, K. B. (2011). The impact of enhancing students’ social and emotional learning: A meta-analysis of school-based universal interventions. Child Development, 82, 405-432.
- Elder, R., Evans, K. & Nizette, D. (2013). Psychiatric and mental health nursing 3rd Edition . Elsevier, Australia.
- Elias, M. J. (2003). Academic and social-emotional learning. Geneva: International Academy of Education and the International Bureau of Education.
- Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam Books.
- Humphrey, N., Lendrum, A. & Wigelsworth, M. (2010). Social and emotional aspects of learning (SEAL) program in secondary schools: national evaluation. School of Education, University of Manchester. United Kingdom.
- Kavale, K. A., Mathur, S. R. & Mostert, M. P. (2004). Social skills training and teaching social behavior to students with emotional and behavioral disorders. In R. B. Rutherford, M. M. Quinn, & S. R. Mathur (Eds.), Handbook of research in emotional and behavioral disorders (pp. 446-61). New York: The Guilford Press.
- Lee, M. C., Yeo, K. J. & Hadijah, J. (2015). Teachers’ Attitudes and Practices on Social-Emotional Learning in Classroom. In Press. 1st International Conference on Educational Studies (ICES) 2015, Johor Bahru, Malaysia, 3-4 June.
- Lynn, C. J., McKay, M. M. & Atkins, M. S. (2003). School social work: Meeting the mental health needs of 6. Students through collaboration with teachers. Children & Schools, 25(4), 197–209.
- Mastthurhah, I., Puteri Rohani Megat, A. R. & Muhammad Sufi, M. Y. (2013). Educational Strategies to Develop Discipline among Students from the Islamic Perspectives. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences , 107, 80-87.
- Merrell, K. W., Ervin, R. A. & Gimpel, G. A. (2006). School psychology for the 21st century. New York: Guilford Press.
- Merrell, K. M. & Gueldner, B. A. (2010). Social and Emotional Learning in the Classroom: Promoting Mental Health and Academic Success. New York, NY: Guilford Publications.
- Morrison, G. M. & Skiba, R. (2001). Promises and perils. Psychology in the Schools, 38, 173–184.
- National Association of School Psychologists (NASP). (2002). Fair and Effective Discipline for All Students: Best Practice Strategies for Educators. MD.
- NICE (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence). (2013). Social and emotional wellbeing for children and young people. Local government briefings. 25 September 2013. United Kingdom.
- Norshidah, M. S., & Khalim, Z. (2014). Bullying among secondary school students in Malaysia: a case study. International Education Studies, 7(13), 184-191.
- Panju, M. (2008). 7 Successful Strategies to Promote Emotional Intelligence in the Classroom. Continuum International Publishing Group. New York.
- Parker, H., William, L. & Aldridge, J. (2001). The normalization of ‘sensible’ recreational drug use: further evidence from the North West England longitudinal study. SAGE Publications. Thousand Oaks, London.
- Payton, J., Weissberg, R. P., Durlak, J. A., Dymnicki, A. B., Taylor, R. D., Schellinger, K. B. & Pachan, M. (2008). The positive impact of social and emotional learning for kindergarten to eighth-grade students: Findings from three scientific reviews. The Collaborative for Academic, Social and Emotional Learning (CASEL).
- Payton, J. W., Wardlaw, D. M., Graczyk, P., Bloodworth, M. R., Tompsett, C. J. & Weissberg, R. P. (2000). Social and Emotional Learning: A Framework for Promoting Mental Health and Reducing Risk Behavior in Children and Youth. Journal of School Health, 70(5), 179-185.
- See C. M. (2009). Psychological profile inventory for adolescents in Malaysia. Asia Pacific Journal of Educators and Education , 25, 137-151.
- Sheridan, S. M. & Gutkin, T. B. (2000). The Ecology of School Psychology: Examining and Changing Our Paradigm for the 21st Century. School Psychology Review , 29(4), 485-502.
- Shute, R. H., Slee, P. T., Murray-Harvey, R. & Dix, K. L. (2012). Mental health and wellbeing: Educational perspectives. Adelaide: Shannon Research Press.
- Sprague, J. R. & Horner, R. H. (2006). School wide positive behavioral supports. In S. R. Jimerson & M. J. Furlong (Eds.), The handbook of school violence and school safety from research to practice. Lawrence Erlbaum: Mahwah, NJ.
- Suhakam. (2005). Assessing Knowledge of Human Rights Practices in Malaysian Schools. Human Rights Education in Asian Schools, 8, 139-149.
- Thomas, D. E., Bierman, K. L. & Power, C. J. (2011). The influence of classroom aggression and classroom climate on aggressive-disruptive behavior. Child Development, 82(3), 751-757.
- Thornberg, R. (2008). School children are reasoning about school rules. Research papers in Education, 23(1), 37-52.
- Tie, F. H. (2014). T he Law regulating student discipline in Malaysia. In C.J. Russo, I.J.O. Oosthuizen & C.C. Wolhuter (eds.), International perspectives on student behaviour: what we can learn. Littlefield and Rowman, New York.
- Tran, O. K. (2007). Promoting social and emotional learning in schools: An investigation of massed versus distributed practices schedules and social validity of the strong kids curriculum in late elementary aged students. Doctor of Philosophy, University of Oregon, USA.
- Trinidad, D. R. & Johnson, C. A. (2002). The association between emotional intelligence and early adolescent tobacco and alcohol use. Personality & Individual Difference, 32, 95-105.
- UNICEF Malaysia Communications. (2008). Fact Sheet: Positive Discipline. Teacher Education on Bullying Prevention and Positive Discipline. A project by UNICEF, HELP University College and the Ministry of Education.
- Vingerhoets, A., Nyklicek, I. & Denollet, J. (2008). Emotion regulation: Conceptual and clinical issues. New York, NY: Springer Science.
- Wilson, D. B., Gottfredson, D. C. & Najaka, S. S. (2001). School-based prevention of problem behaviors: A meta-analysis. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 17, 247–272.
- Zins, J. E. & Elias, M. J. (2006). Social and emotional learning. In G. G. Bear & K. M. Minke (Eds.), Children’s needs III: Development, prevention, and intervention (pp.1–13). Bethesda, MD: National Association of School Psychologists.
- Zins, J. E., Weissberg, R. P., Wang, M. C. & Walberg, H. J. (Eds.). (2004). Building academic success on social and emotional learning: What does the research say? New York: Teachers College Press.
- Zins, J., Weissberg, R. P., Bloodworth, M. R. & Walberg, H. J. (Eds.). 2004. Building Academic Success on Social-Emotional Learning: What Does the Research Say? New York: Teacher’s College Press.
Downloads
No downloads have been recorded for this article yet. Figures appear here once readers begin downloading the full text.
How to Cite
Share this article
License
Copyright (c) 2015 Lee Moi Ching, Yeo Kee Jiar, Hadijah Jaffri (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Author (s) should affirm that the material has not been published previously. It has not been submitted and it is not under consideration by any other journal. At the same time author (s) need to execute a publication permission agreement to assume the responsibility of the submitted content and any omissions and errors therein. After submission of revised paper in the light of suggestions of the reviewers, the editorial team edits and formats manuscripts to bring uniformity and standardization in published material.
This work will be licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) and under condition of the license, users are free to read, copy, remix, transform, redistribute, download, print, search or link to the full texts of articles and even build upon their work as long as they credit the author for the original work. Moreover, as per journal policy author (s) hold and retain copyrights without any restrictions.
Keywords
- Discipline Search this journal for Discipline (opens in a new tab)
- Reactive and Punitive Approach Search this journal for Reactive and Punitive Approach (opens in a new tab)
- Social-Emotional Skills Search this journal for Social-Emotional Skills (opens in a new tab)
- Mental Health Search this journal for Mental Health (opens in a new tab)
- SocialEmotional Learning Search this journal for SocialEmotional Learning (opens in a new tab)
Section
Published
Submissions
Have research to publish? Journal of Education and Vocational Research welcomes submissions.
Make a Submission