Author

  • Emmanuel Newman

    • National Council for Tertiary Education, Ghana
    • Ghana

Abstract

The National Council for Tertiary Education (NCTE) the coordinating body for tertiary education in Ghana) and the Ministry of Education established norms in the early 1990s to assist higher education institutions in planning and ensuring efficiency of their operations and foster performance monitoring and evaluation. The norms also serve as standardised input factors for budgeting and allocation of public funds for higher education. During the past years, budgetary allocation to higher education institutions for recurrent expenditure has fallen short of the norm-based costs. Indeed, the difference between the normbased costs of university education and resources made available to the institutions by the Government were 28.9% in 2005/06 and 23.4% in 2009/10. The consequence of the inability of the state to provide funds to meet the norm-based costs of higher education is the breakdown of norm-based budgeting which was instituted in the early 1990s and a reversion to incremental and ad-hoc budgeting without due regard to the volume of activities performed by the institutions. This development has had grave consequences for equity and efficiency in fund management in higher education. This work assesses the factors behind the discontinuance of the norm-based budgeting approach and the use of the incremental budgeting approaches in higher education in Ghana.

Keywords

References

  • Adu, K. & Opoku-Afriyie, K. J. (2002). Expenditure and Revenue Analysis of Tertiary Education Institutions in Ghana (1996-2000), National Council for Tertiary Education
  • Albrecht, D. & Ziderman, A. (1992). Funding Mechanisms for Higher Education: Funding for Stability m Efficiency and Responsiveness, World Bank, 1-60
  • Binsbergen, P. (1996). Comparing Governance Structures of Higher Education Institutions – Towards a Conceptual Framework, in Geodgebuure, L. and Vugtht, F.V (eds) (1994). Comparative Policy Studies in Higher Education, 219-247
  • Bowen, H. R. (1980). The Cost of Higher Education: How Much Do Colleges and Universities Spend per Student and How Much They Should Spend, Carnegie Council on Policy Studies in Higher Education, Jossey–Bass, 18-20,
  • Brock, H. R. (I996). Budgeting Models and University Efficiency: A Ghanaian Case Study . Higher Education , 32, 113-127
  • Fincher, C. (1981). The Determinants of Educational Costs. Research in Higher Education, Agathon Press Inc , 15(2).
  • Girdwood, A. (1999). Tertiary Education Policy in Ghana: An Assessment: 1988-1999, World Bank, 1-60
  • Government of Ghana. (1990). White Paper on the Reforms to the Tertiary Education System, Government Proposals for the Restructuring and Reorganisation of Tertiary Education and Tertiary Institutions, Presented to the Ministry of Education by Command of the Provisional National Defence Council, Accra , Government of Ghana, 1-13
  • Government of Ghana. (1988). University Rationalisation Committee Report, Ministry of Education of Education and Culture, Ghana, pp. 269-326
  • Halstead, D. K. (I974). State-wide Planning in Higher Education, Washington, DC: US, Government Printing Office
  • Layzell, D. T. (1999). Linking Performance to Funding Outcomes at the State Level for Public Institutions of Higher Education: Past, Present and Future. Research in Higher Education , 40(2), 233-246
  • Layzell, D. T. & Mckeown, M. P. (1992). State Funding Formulas for Higher Education: Trends and Issues, Ashe Annual Meeting Paper
  • Mckeown, M. P. (1996). State Funding Formulas for Public Four –Year Institutions, State Higher Education Executive Officers, 3-33
  • MGT of America. (2001). Funding Formula, Use in Higher Education, Discussion Paper, 1-43
  • Miller, J. L., Jr. (1964). State Budgeting For Higher Education: The Use of Formulas and Cost Analysis, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Institute of Public Administration
  • National Council for Tertiary Education. (2002). Expenditure and Revenue Analysis of Tertiary Education Institutions in Ghana, (1996-2000), National Council for Tertiary Education, 5-31
  • National Council for Tertiary Education. (1998). Evaluation of the Policy Objectives of the Reforms to the Tertiary Education System, National Council for Tertiary Education, 5-82
  • National Centre for Public Policy in Higher Education. (2003). Purposes, Policies, Performance Higher Education and the Fulfilment of a State’s Public Agenda, National Centre for Public Policy and Higher Education, 1-30
  • Salmi, A. & Hauptman, A. M. (2006). Innovations in Tertiary Education Financing: A Comparative Evaluation of Allocation Mechanisms, World Bank, 4-60
  • Sanyal, B. C. (1995). Innovations in University Management, UNESCO
  • Van der Laan, P. (2000). Aligning Incentives with Efficiency and Effectiveness Outcomes, Investing in Students Task Force, 1–49

Downloads

No downloads have been recorded for this article yet. Figures appear here once readers begin downloading the full text.

How to Cite

Newman, E. (2013). Budgeting and Fund Allocation in Higher Education in Ghana. Journal of Education and Vocational Research, 4(9), 275-286. https://doi.org/10.22610/jevr.v4i9.131

Share this article

Section

Research Paper

Published

2013-09-30

Submissions

Have research to publish? Journal of Education and Vocational Research welcomes submissions.

Make a Submission