Author

  • Maheen Saleem Khosa

    • Forman Christian College, Lahore, Pakistan
    • Pakistan

Abstract

Historically, in both Pakistan and Turkey, the military has been deeply involved in the politics of the state. Civilian governments have had to contend with the influence of the military in politics and have often been undermined and overthrown. However, the Prime Minister-ship of Recep Tayyip Erdogan is often quoted as an example in Pakistan of how to successfully rectify the imbalance between the civilian governments and the military. This paper discusses the Turkish experience and what Pakistan can learn from it – its successes, pitfalls and applicability to the Pakistani milieu. The paper considers whether Mr. Erdogan has truly succeeded in recalibrating the civilian-military equation and whether the Pakistani political scene allows for similar results. A particular point of resonance is the trial of former coup leaders in Turkey and the current trial in Pakistan of General (retd.) Pervez Musharraf (who led the last coup) for treason. It is an open question whether these trials undermine military influence or breed greater motivation to intervene (especially where they are seen not to be fair) and in what circumstances? Pakistan stands at a critical juncture with a recent, historic civilian transition of power. The Turkish experience therefore provides valuable lessons.

Keywords

References

  • AlJazeera. (2012). Timeline: A history of Turkish coups. Retrieved July 15, 2014, from Al Jazeera: http://www.aljazeera.com/news/europe/2012/04/20124472814687973.html
  • Aydinli, E. (2009). A Paradigmatic Shift for the Turkish Generals and an End to the Coup Era in Turkey. The Middle East Journal, 63(4), 581-596.
  • Aydinli, E. (2011). Ergenekon, New Pacts, and the Decline of the Turkish Inner State. Turkish Studies, 12(2), 227-239.
  • Bac, M. M. (2005). Turkey’s Political Reforms and the Impact of the European Union. South European Society and Politics, 10(1), 16-30.
  • Bilgin, F. (2010). Turkey’s ‘Constitutional Moment'. Retrieved August 1, 2014, from The Washington Review of Turkish and Eurasian Affairs: http://www.thewashingtonreview.org/articles/constitutionalmoment.html
  • Cook, S. A. (2012). Turkey's Lesson for Egypt: Don't Prosecute Your Military Rulers (Yet). Retrieved July 25, 2014, from The Atlantic: http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/04/turkeyslesson-for-egypt-dont-prosecute-your-military-rulers-yet/255666/
  • Dalay, G. (2013). The Ergenekon Coup Trials' Verdict: A Message from Turkey for Egypt's Coup Generals? Retrieved July 15, 2014, from Huffington Post: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/galip-dalay/theergenekon-coup-trials_b_3920777.html
  • Kuru, A. T. (2012). The Rise and Fall of Military Tutelage in Turkey: Fears of Islamism, Kurdism, and Communism. Insight Turkey, 14(2), 37-57.
  • Morris, C. (2006). The New Turkey: The Quiet Revolution on the Edge of Europe. London: Granta Books.
  • Narli, N. (2000). Civil-military relations in Turkey. Turkish Studies, 1(1), 107-127.
  • Perlmutter, A. (1969). The Praetorian State and the Praetorian Army: Toward a Taxonomy of Civil-Military. Comparative Politics, 1(3), 382-404.
  • Pope, N. P. (2011). Turkey Unveiled: A History of Modern Turkey. New York: Overlook Press.
  • Sattar, B. (2001). Pakistan: Return to Praetorianism. In M. Alagappa, Coercion and Governance: The Declining Role of the Military in Asia (pp. 385-412). Stanford University Press.
  • Shafqat, S. (2011). Pakistan’s Military: The Challenge of Sustaining Democracy in Pakistan. Retrieved August 1, 2014, from The Islamic Monthly: http://digitaleditions.sheridan.com/publication/?i=61078&pre=1
  • Shah, A. (2014). The Army and Democracy. Boston: Harvard University Press.
  • Siddiqa, A. (2007). Military Inc: Inside Pakistan's Military Economy. London: Pluto.
  • Singh, C. & Hickman, J. (2013). Soldiers as Saviors of the State: The Cases of Turkey and Pakistan Contrasted. Journal of Third World Studies, 30(1), 39-54.

Downloads

No downloads have been recorded for this article yet. Figures appear here once readers begin downloading the full text.

How to Cite

Khosa, M. S. (2015). Rectifying the Civil-Military Imbalance – What Pakistan Can Learn From the Turkish Experience. Journal of Social and Development Sciences, 6(2), 6-14. https://doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v6i2.836

Share this article

Section

Research Paper

Published

2015-06-30

Submissions

Have research to publish? Journal of Social and Development Sciences welcomes submissions.

Make a Submission