Author

  • Musallam ABEDTALAS

    • Mesopotamia Network for Sustainable Development, Iraq
    • Iraq

  • Wissam Aldien ALOKLAH

    • Economics Faculty, Mardin Artuklu University, Turkey
    • Türkiye

  • Abdulhamid ALAWAK

    • Economics Faculty, Mardin Artuklu University, Turkey
    • Türkiye

  • Abdulnaser ALJASEM

    • Economics Faculty, Mardin Artuklu University, Turkey
    • Türkiye

  • Rohat SHEIKH ESMAEEL ZADA

    • Business Administration Department, Lebanese French University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
    • Iraq

Abstract

Naturalization takes place at the intersection between a host government's propensity to give citizenship and refugees' attitudes towards it. However, the naturalization of Syrian refugees, with its top-down approach, shows the possibility of a divergence between a government’s propensity and refugees’ attitudes, and that divergence may spoil the expected benefits. This study questions the factors that determine government propensity and refugees' attitude, besides the convergence and divergence between them. The regressions have been estimated using data collected from a sample of 296 Syrian students at Mardin University, Turkey. The findings of this study revealed a contradiction between attitude and propensity, although they share factors of education and the hosting context. While the indications of social and cultural integration have a positive effect on attitudes, they do not affect propensity. Besides the contextual factors of hosting province shape attitude and propensity. Moreover, the most important factor in deciding attitude is the perception of the costs and benefits of naturalization.

Keywords

References

  • Abedtalas, M., Toprak, L., Aloklah, W. A., Alawak, A., Aljasem, A. & Aykol, S. (2021). Determinants of the Economic Adaptation of Refugees: The Case of Midyat Camp, Journal of Refugee Studies , 34(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/feaa016.
  • Akcapar, S. K. & Simsek, D. (2018). The politics of Syrian refugees in Turkey: A question of inclusion and exclusion through citizenship. Social Inclusion , 6(1). https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v6i1.1323
  • Alvarez, R. R. (1987). A profile of the citizenship process among Hispanics in the United States. International Migration Review , 21(2). https://doi.org/10.2307/2546319
  • Bastaki, J. (2020). The meanings of citizenship between resettlement and return: the case of displaced Palestinians. Citizenship Studies , 24(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2020.1720605
  • Bernard, W. S. (1936). Cultural Determinants of Naturalization. American Sociological Review , 1(6). https://doi.org/10.2307/2084619
  • Bratsberg, B., Ragan, J. F. & Nasir, Z. M. (2002). The Effect of Naturalization on Wage Growth: A Panel Study of Young Male Immigrants. In Journal of Labor Economics , 20(3). https://doi.org/10.1086/339616.
  • Carpenter, N. (1927). Immigrants and Their Children 1920, Arno Press, New York.
  • Crisp, J. (2004). The local integration and local settlement of refugees: a conceptual and historical analysis. New Issues in Refugee Research, 102.
  • Desipio, L. (1987). Social science literature and the naturalization process (USA). International Migration Review , 21(2). https://doi.org/10.2307/2546322
  • DeVoretz, D. J. & Pivnenko, S. (2005). The economic causes and consequences of Canadian citizenship. Journal of International Migration and Integration / Revue de l’integration et de La Migration Internationale , 6(3–4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-005-1021-6
  • Diehl, C. & Blohm, M. (2003). Rights or identity? Naturalization processes among “Labor Migrants” in Germany. International Migration Review , 37(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.17477379.2003.tb00132.x
  • Garcia, J. A. (1981). Political integration of Mexican immigrants: explorations into the naturalization process. The International Migration Review , 15(4). https://doi.org/10.2307/2545515
  • Gasarasi, C. P. (1990). The mass naturalization and further integration of Rwandese refugees in Tanzania: Process, problems and prospects. Journal of Refugee Studies , 3(2). https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/3.2.88
  • Gavit, J. P. (1922). Americans by Choice. Patterson Smith Reprint Series in Criminology, Law Enforcement, and Social Problems. Patterson Smith Publishers, Montclair, NJ.
  • Grebler, L. (1966). The Naturalization of Mexican Immigrants in the United States. International Migration Review , 1(1). https://doi.org/10.2307/3002232
  • Guest, A. M. (1980). The old-new distinction and naturalization: 1900 (USA). International Migration Review, 52. https://doi.org/10.1177/019791838001400402
  • Kaufman, S. J. (2006). Symbolic politics or rational choice? Testing theories of extreme ethnic violence. International Security , 30(4). https://doi.org/10.1162/isec.2006.30.4.45
  • Kelley, J. & Mcallister, I. (1982). The Decision to Become an Australian Citizen. Journal of Sociology , 18(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/144078338201800309
  • Kibreab, G. (2003). Citizenship rights and repatriation of refugees. International Migration Review , 37(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2003.tb00129.x
  • Kogan, I. (2003). Ex-Yugoslavs in the Austrian and Sweden labor markets: The significance of the period of migration and the effect of citizenship acquisition. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies , 29(4). https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183032000123413
  • Kottler, P. (2008). Marketing Management, Prentice Hall Inc, New Delhi.
  • Kuch, A. (2017). Naturalization of Burundian refugees in Tanzania: The debates on local integration and the meaning of citizenship revisited. Journal of Refugee Studies , 30(3), 468–487. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/few024
  • Mossaad, N., Ferwerda, J., Lawrence, D., Weinstein, J. M. & Hainmueller, J. (2018). Determinants of refugee naturalization in the United States. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 115(37). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1802711115 Mülteciler Derneği. https://multeciler.org.tr/turkiyedeki-suriyeli-sayisi/, accessed 13-12-2020.
  • Naturalization. (2011). A passport for the better integration of immigrants? (2011). In Naturalisation: A Passport for the Better Integration of Immigrants? 9789264099104. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264099104-en
  • Nufus. (2019). https://www.nufusu.com/iller, accessed 13-12-2020
  • Portes, A. & Curtis, J. W. (1987). Changing flags: naturalization and its determinants among Mexican immigrants (USA). International Migration Review , 21(2). https://doi.org/10.2307/2546320
  • Sides, J. & Citrin, J. (2007). European opinion about immigration: The role of identities, interests and information. British Journal of Political Science, 37(3). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123407000257
  • Steinhardt, M. F. (2012). Does citizenship matter? The economic impact of naturalizations in Germany. Labor Economics , 19(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2012.09.001
  • Turkstat. (2019). https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=102&locale=en.uMap, https://umap.openstreetmap.fr/en/ accessed 15-12-2020.
  • Yang, P. Q. (1994). Explaining immigrant naturalization. International Migration Review , 28(3).

Downloads

No downloads have been recorded for this article yet. Figures appear here once readers begin downloading the full text.

How to Cite

ABEDTALAS, M., ALOKLAH, W. A., ALAWAK, A., ALJASEM, A., & SHEIKH ESMAEEL ZADA, R. (2021). Top-Down Naturalization: Turkish Government Propensity and Syrian Refugee Attitudes. Journal of Social and Development Sciences, 12(2(S), 45-57. https://doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v12i2(S).3217

Share this article

License

Copyright (c) 2021 Musallam ABEDTALAS, Wissam Aldien ALOKLAH, Abdulhamid ALAWAK, Abdulnaser ALJASEM, Rohat SHEIKH ESMAEEL ZADA (Author)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Author (s) should affirm that the material has not been published previously. It has not been submitted and it is not under consideration by any other journal. At the same time author (s) need to execute a publication permission agreement to assume the responsibility of the submitted content and any omissions and errors therein. After submission of revised paper in the light of suggestions of the reviewers, the editorial team  edits and formats manuscripts to bring uniformity and standardization in published material.

This work will be licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) and under condition of the license, users are free to read, copy, remix, transform, redistribute, download, print, search or link to the full texts of articles and even build upon their work as long as they credit the author for the original work. Moreover, as per journal policy author (s) hold and retain copyrights without any restrictions.

Keywords

Section

Research Paper

Published in

Vol. 12 No. 2(S) (2021) Leadership, Media & Migration in a Changing World View issue contents

Published

2021-10-30

Submissions

Have research to publish? Journal of Social and Development Sciences welcomes submissions.

Make a Submission