Author

  • Md Mostafa Faisal

    • Asia Pacific Division, Ankara Center for Crisis and Policy Studies (ANKASAM), Bangladesh
    • Bangladesh
  • Zobayer Ahmed

    • International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh
    • Bangladesh

Abstract

Rohingya is one of the most persecuted ethnic minority groups in the world, as identified by United Nations. More than one million Rohingya refugees, over half of whom are children, live at various camps in Cox’s Bazar district in Bangladesh. This study uses a mixed methodology approach based on primary data to examine the life and livelihood challenges of Rohingya people in the refugee camps. The study's findings reveal that there is a severe scarcity of basic human needs in the Rohingya camps and a prevalence of widespread human rights violations. Among the life and livelihood challenges in the camps are- poor health services, the weak structure of shelter, scarcity of nutritious food, inadequate water and sanitation infrastructure, lack of education facilities after secondary school, gender-based violence, insecurity, congestion and lack of privacy, limited freedom of movement, and high risk of landslide. The study's findings may guide governments and NGOs operating in Rohingya camps to ensure the community's basic needs and human rights.

Keywords

References

  • ACAPS. (2017). Rohingya crisis: Situation Analysis November 2017. Retrieved from https://reliefweb.int/report/bangladesh/rohingya-crisis-situation-analysis-november-2017
  • Afrin, I. (2022). Rohingya Refugee Future: Narratives from History, Memory, & Relocation. In I. A. Hussain (Ed.), Rohingya Camp Narratives: Tales From the ‘Lesser Roads’ Traveled (pp. 273-297). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
  • Akhter, S. (2022). Key Informants’ Interviews. In Principles of Social Research Methodology (pp. 389-403): Springer.
  • Akter, M. (2022). Sexual/Gender-Based Camp Violence and Institutional Response Limits: Rohingyas in Bangladesh. In I. A. Hussain (Ed.), Rohingya Camp Narratives: Tales From the ‘Lesser Roads’ Traveled (pp. 167-188). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
  • Al Marjuk, O. (2022). Ethnicity, Identity, and Rohingya Security: At the ‘Olive Tree’–‘Lexus’ Crossroads. In I. A. Hussain (Ed.), Rohingya Camp Narratives: Tales From the ‘Lesser Roads’ Traveled (pp. 25-61). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
  • Alam, M. (2018). Enduring entanglement: the multi-sectoral impact of the Rohingya crisis on neighboring Bangladesh. Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, 19, 20-26.
  • Amnesty, I. (2020). Let us speak for our rights: Human right situation of Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh. Retrieved from UK:
  • Ara, J., Shahed, S. S., Rahman, R., Ahmad, S. & Das, N. C. (2020). The ‘fishnet approach’ to livelihood improvement in depressed basins: evidence from BRAC’s Integrated Development Programme. Development in Practice, 30(4), 523-540. doi: 10.1080/09614524.2020.1719978
  • Arslan, N., Islam, M. N., Nahar, L. & Cansu, E. E. (2022). Turkey as a “Humanitarian Actor”: Assistance to Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh and Myanmar. In K. Bülbül, M. N. Islam, & M. S. Khan (Eds.), Rohingya Refugee Crisis in Myanmar: Ethnic Conflict and Resolution (pp. 233-260). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
  • Banerjee, S. (2019). The Rohingya crisis: a health situation analysis of refugee camps in Bangladesh. Retrieved from https://policycommons.net/artifacts/1346762/the-rohingya-crisis/1958908/
  • Biver, E. (2014). Religious nationalism: Myanmar and the role of Buddhism in anti-Muslim narratives. (Master's). Lund University, Lund. Retrieved from https://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=4778729&fileOId=4778731
  • Chowdhury, S. R., Oakkas, M. A. & Ahmmed, F. (2022). Survey Questionnaire. In M. R. Islam, N. A. Khan, & R. Baikady (Eds.), Principles of Social Research Methodology (pp. 181-205). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
  • Chowdury, S. R. H. (2018). Humanity and security: Internal and external dynamics behind the Muslim Rohingya refugee crisis, the role of Turkey and Bangladesh. Balkan and Near Eastern Journal of Social Sciences, 4(4), 147.
  • Choy, L. T. (2014). The strengths and weaknesses of research methodology: Comparison and complimentary between qualitative and quantitative approaches. IOSR journal of humanities and social science, 19(4), 99-104.
  • Dadan, A. & Fuad, A. R. (2018). The Entry and the Spread of Islam in Arakan: Historical Background of Contemporary Arakan. ?STEM, (32), 177-198.
  • Faisal, M. D. M. (2020). The Rohingya Refugee Crisis of Myanmar: A History of Persecution and Human Rights Violations. International Journal of Social, Political and Economic Research, 7(3), 743-761. doi: 10.46291/IJOSPERvol7iss3pp743-761
  • Faisal, M. M. & Ullah, R. (2020). Challenges in A Host Country: A Study on Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh. Middle East Journal of Refugee Studies, 6(2), 5-19.
  • Fuad, A. R. & Dadan, A. (2022). Prehistorical Identity of Rohingya: Exploring Islam and the Glorious Past of the Muslim Kingdom in Arakan. In K. Bülbül, M. N. Islam, & M. S. Khan (Eds.), Rohingya Refugee Crisis in Myanmar: Ethnic Conflict and Resolution (pp. 1-17). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
  • Hussain, I. A. (2022). Rohingya Camp Narratives: Tales From the ‘Lesser Roads’ Traveled (I. A. Hussain Ed.). Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Karin, S. (2020). Status of Rohingya in Refugee Camps of Bangladesh: A Review Study. Open Access Library Journal, 7(09), 1.
  • Knuters, S. (2018). Political Buddhism and the Exclusion of Rohingya in Myanmar: Exploring targeted religious nationalism using Myanmar's Muslim Rohingya minority as a case study. (Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)) Student thesis). Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-351717 DiVA database.
  • Kolstad, K. (2018). Cox’s Bazar: The world’s largest refugee settlement. Norwegian Refugee Council: Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Kudrat-E-Khuda. (2020). The impacts and challenges to host country Bangladesh due to sheltering the Rohingya refugees. COGENT SOCIAL SCIENCES, 6(1), 1770943.
  • Mahmood, S. S., Wroe, E., Fuller, A. & Leaning, J. (2017). The Rohingya people of Myanmar: health, human rights, and identity. The Lancet, 389(10081), 1841-1850.
  • Masood, S. M. U. & Uddin, M. S. (2020). International Response to Humanitarian Crisis: A study of Rohingya Issue. In Being Immigrant in the World: Experiences, Challenges and Opportunities, 1, 143-164. Istanbul: Ideal Cultural Publishing.
  • McCaffrie, C. (2019). Displaced Rohingya children and the risk of human trafficking. Journal of Human Rights and Peace Studies, 5(1), 47-47.
  • Moniruzzaman, S. & Al-Muaalemi, M. A. (2022). Sampling Techniques for Quantitative Research. In M. R. Islam, N. A. Khan, & R. Baikady (Eds.), Principles of Social Research Methodology (pp. 221-234). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
  • Parnini, S. N. (2013). The Crisis of the Rohingya as a Muslim Minority in Myanmar and Bilateral Relations with Bangladesh. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 33(2), 281-297. doi: 10.1080/13602004.2013.826453
  • Pittaway, E. (2008). The Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh: A failure of the international protection regime. Protracted displacement in Asia: No place to call home, 83-104.
  • Samarasekera, U. (2021). Relocated Rohingya face uncertain healthcare provisions. The Lancet, 397(10273), 460. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00296-8
  • Shivakoti, R. (2017). ASEAN’s role in the Rohingya refugee crisis. Forced Migration Review, 56(3).
  • Shohel, M. M. C. (2022). Education in emergencies: challenges of providing education for Rohingya children living in refugee camps in Bangladesh. Education Inquiry, 13(1), 104-126.
  • Suma, J. T. (2022). Rohingya Refugees and Classroom Children: Cultivating a Lost Generation. In I. A. Hussain (Ed.), Rohingya Camp Narratives: Tales From the ‘Lesser Roads’ Traveled (pp. 253-272). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
  • Syed Magfur, A. & Nasruzzaman, N. (2020). Adverse Economic Impact by Rohingya Refugees on Bangladesh: Some Way Forwards. International Journal of Social, Political and Economic Research, 7(1), 1-14. doi: 10.46291/IJOSPERvol7iss1pp1-14
  • Than, T. M. M. (2007). Mapping the Contours of Human Security Challenges in Myanmar. In Myanmar (pp. 172-218): ISEAS Publishing.
  • Uddin, M. & Nesa, F. (2021). The Rohingya Refugee Crisis: Socio-Economic, and Environmental Impacts on Local Community in Bangladesh. Journal of Asia Pacific Studies, 6(2).
  • Ullah, A. A. (2011). Rohingya refugees to Bangladesh: Historical exclusions and contemporary marginalization. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 9(2), 139-161.
  • UNDP. (2019). Human Development Report 2019. New York: UNDP.
  • UNHCR. (2018). Education & Child Protection in Emergencies: Joint Rapid Needs Assessment, Rohingya Refugee Response 2017. Retrieved from New York: https://bettercarenetwork.org/sites/default/files/eie_cpie_jrna_report_-_rohingya_refugee_response_-_25_january_2018.pdf
  • WHO. (2018). World health statistics 2018: Monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals. Retrieved from Geneva:
  • World Health, O. (2018). World health statistics 2018: Monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals. Geneva: World Health Organization

Downloads

No downloads have been recorded for this article yet. Figures appear here once readers begin downloading the full text.

How to Cite

Faisal, M. M., & Ahmed, Z. (2023). Stateless Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh: Life and Livelihood Challenges. Journal of Social and Development Sciences, 13(4(S), 11-23. https://doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v13i4(S).3326

Share this article

Section

Research Paper

Published

2023-01-25

Submissions

Have research to publish? Journal of Social and Development Sciences welcomes submissions.

Make a Submission