Vol. 1 No. 4 (2011)

Participative management recognizes the desire of the workers for a say, an involvement and control over and understanding of the decisions which affects their lives. Workers’ participation in management which meet the aspirations of the workmen and have recently emerged are respectively the whitely type councils, profit-sharing plans and co-partnership, and worker-director schemes, sharing of information with, and consulting, workers to sharing the right of decision-making on issues of interest to the working class. Whatever may be the form of control there is inevitably some flow of power and authority from management to workers.

The present investigation is an attempt to understand the organizational climate perceptions of employees and to compare and contrast the perceptions regarding organizational climate in bhakra Beas management board. The study was conducted on 360 respondents belonging to the four different units in the organization. It was generally observed that there is no much difference in perceptions of employees regarding organizational climate. The description survey research design was considered suitable. The primary data was collected by employing an adopted questionnaire method. The respondents opinion towards perceptions has been found unequally distributed. The means difference in perceptions group also found significant.

Organic agriculture is now a worldwide phenomenon which is practiced in 160 countries. The Organics Olympiad presents 12 indices of global organics leadership, each at three levels. It yields 26 countries as global organics leaders, and reveals that organics leadership is diversely distributed across countries, large and small, rich and poor, developed and less so, as well as across linguistic and cultural barriers. Australia leads the world in organic agriculture hectares, Finland leads in organic wild culture hectares, China leads in organic aquaculture hectares, and Portugal leads in organic forest hectares. Germany leads in biodynamic hectares, as well as with the number of members of the International Federation of Agriculture Movements (IFOAM), and in the publishing of organics research papers. India is in the lead position for the number of organic producers, the Falkland Islands (Malvinas) leads in terms of the percentage of agricultural land dedicated as organic, and Denmark leads with the value of organics consumption per capita. Uruguay leads in the relative increase in organic hectares over the past decade, and Japan leads in the number of organics certifiers. The overall global organics leaders, on the basis of aggregated scores, are Germany, India and Denmark, in positions one, two and three, respectively. The successful global diffusion of organics, as demonstrated in this study, means that leadership lessons are available from a diversity of social, geographical, political, and ecological situations for both existing and aspiring organics leaders.

The education system in every country is a regular process and each year a big part of government budget and also private investments are allocated toward this system. In addition, some of the best years of every human are spent in schools and under education. Today, the economic effects of research are accounted as very important, because the relationship between level of education and income is proved to be positive. It means that educated people, in equal situation, will earn more money. More research makes people more skilled and these skills would lead to more production and service. So, in this study we will survey the relation between educated labors and economic growth in Iran. We showed that there's a long term relationship between these two, which is a positive and meaningful relation. In this study, we use production function (Feder, 1983), and also using auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) co integration method, we will survey this long term relation, error correction model (ECM) and their dynamism effects. Most of past studies have used partial data (data from a certain time period); the problem with this method is that an average relationship is used, hence it won't yield any information more than what we just need. Only the studies by Love (1987) and Wilson (1994) have used time series in surveying this relationship. But, because most of the economic time series are non stationary, there is the possibility of artificial regression. In order to avoid the consequences, unit-root tests (Phillips-Perron & Augmented Dickey-Fuller) is used.