Abstract
The issue of employee retention is a crucial factor especially if a company wants to remain relevant in the market. The research analyses how compensation and benefits, training and development, working environment, and reward and recognition impact the retention of employees. This study will employ a quantitative research design that will involve administering questionnaires to employees working in companies around Klang Valley conducted within the context of Malaysia, and it uses a survey approach with participants from various companies. In this study, the concepts of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and Alderfer’s ERG Theory will be used in a bid to determine factors affecting employee retention. The sampling technique to be used is non-probability. Therefore, convenience sampling will be used with a view of identifying participants with rich information on their experience and perceptions towards the objectives of the study on employee retention. The study seeks to establish how these independent variables impact employee retention to enhance understanding of Human Resource Management (HRM) practices. Reliability analysis, descriptive analysis, correlational analysis, and regression analysis will be employed as a measure of the strength and direction of these relationships. It will reveal the most critical antecedents to overall employee retention and provide actionable insights that organizations can implement to improve their practices. Therefore, while filling the gap in the literature and targeting the Malaysian industry, this study aims to enhance understanding of the factors influencing employee retention. Finally, its purpose is to help organizations design proper approaches to retain top talents in the company and make them dedicated to work.
Keywords
- Employee Retention Search this journal for Employee Retention (opens in a new tab)
- Compensation Search this journal for Compensation (opens in a new tab)
- Benefits Search this journal for Benefits (opens in a new tab)
- Training and Development Search this journal for Training and Development (opens in a new tab)
- Working Environment Search this journal for Working Environment (opens in a new tab)
- Reward and Recognition Search this journal for Reward and Recognition (opens in a new tab)
References
- Ahmed, U. S. A., & Vijayakumar. (2024, February 20). Unlocking the Keys to Employee Retention: Insights from Bibliometric Analysis and Systematic Review in the Indian Pharmaceutical Sector. Www.atlantis-Press.com; Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-374-0_48
- Aikebaier, S. (2024). COVID-19, new challenges to human safety: a global review. Frontiers in Public Health, 12, 1371238. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1371238
- Alharthy, A. A. H., & Marni, N. B. (2020). Training Impact on the Human Resources Performance. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 55(3). https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.55.3.12
- Alshamrani, M., Alharthi, S., Helmi, M., & Alwadei, T. (2023). Determinants of Employee Retention in Pharmaceutical Companies: Case of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Business and Management Studies, 5(2), 08-22. https://doi.org/10.32996/jbms.2023.5.2.2
- Anilkumar, N., and R, P. N. (2024). Employee Retention Strategies In It Industry – A Study Concerning Chennai City. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 30(5), 8943–8956. https://kuey.net/index.php/kuey/article/view/4484
- Barat, S. (2022). Attitudes of the Indian Middle Class: A Theory of Planned Behavior Approach. Athens Journal of Business & Economics, 8(1), 407–428. https://doi.org/10.30958/ajbe.8-1-2
- Bashir, S., Cheema, S., & Murtaza Ashiq. (2023). Impact of Workplace Violence on Sustainable Performance of Nurses with the Mediation of Social Well-being in the Pakistani Context. Journal of Management and Research, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.29145/jmr.101.02
- Biason, R. (2020, March). (PDF) The Effect of Job Satisfaction on Employee Retention. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 339974603_The_Effect_of_Job_Satisfaction_Employee_ Retention
- Calinao, R. J., Tabla, F. G., & Carlo, L. G. (2020). Factors Affecting Employee Retention to the Services of an International Cruise Ship. Asia Pacific Journal of Academic Research in Social Sciences, 5(2), 1–7. ResearchGate. https://research.lpubatangas.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/APJARSS-2020-5-001.pdf
- Çal??kan, C., Özsezer, G., Pay, M., Demir, G., Çelebi, I., & Koçak, H. (2022). Web search behaviors and infodemic attitudes regarding COVID-19 in Turkey: A framework study for improving response and informing policy on the COVID-19 infodemic. Frontiers in Public Health, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.948478
- Caredo, D., Pomida, A., Paradero, A., & Casinillo, L. (2022). Modelling Employee Retention Amidst COVID-19 Pandemic: An Econometric Approach. Recoletos Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 10(1), 115–129. https://doi.org/10.32871/rmrj2210.01.09
- Chatzoudes, D., & Chatzoglou, P. (2022). Factors Affecting Employee Retention: Proposing an Original Conceptual Framework. International Journal of Economics and Business Administration, X(1), 49–76. https://ijeba.com/journal/748
- Chauhan, C., & Guleria, S. (2024, February). Employee Retention Practices in the Indian Hotel Industry. In 3rd International Conference on Reinventing Business Practices, Start-ups and Sustainability (ICRBSS 2023) (pp. 739-756). Atlantis Press
- Choi, J., & Presslee, A. (2020, November). Why tangible rewards can motivate greater effort than cash rewards: An analysis of four commonly cited attribute differences. In Lincoln, OR: Seminar Paper, University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
- Darmayanti, D., Perizade, B., Isnurhadi, I., & Yuliani, Y. (2024). Analysis of factors influencing employee retention: a study on start-up companies in the information technology sector. Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies, 4(5), 3838-3846. https://doi.org/10.59188/eduvest.v4i5.1217
- Elangkumaran, P., Antony, S., & Pratheepan, J. (2023). The Factors Influencing Employee Retention in Service Organization. A Study on Financial Institutions in Northern Province. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 4(3), 4540–4547. https://doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.2023.4.33619
- Fabian, N. T., Kirani, A. N., Dewi, P. K., Gracia, R., Loei, J., Muyandi, M. R., & Kalfin. (2024). The Effect of Training and Career Development on Company Performance: A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Humanities, Law, and Politics, 2(1), 19–25. https://doi.org/10.46336/ijhlp.v2i1.57
- Fitri, S. N. (2024). Evaluation of Compensation Policies and Their Impact on Employee Retention in the Food Industry. Involvement International Journal of Business, 1(1), 42–59. https://doi.org/10.62569/iijb.v1i1.6
- Fulk, G. (2023). Interpreting the Basic Results of Multiple Linear Regression. Scholars’ Journal, 47(2), 22–37. https://doi.org/10.3126/scholars.v5i1.55775
- Ghani, B., Zada, M., Memon, K. R., Ullah, R., Khattak, A., Han, H., Montes, A. A., & Castillo, L. A. (2022). Challenges and Strategies for Employee Retention in the Hospitality Industry: A Review. Sustainability, 14(5), 2885. Mdpi. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052885
- Goswami, S. (2021, January). (PDF) “Impact of Human Resource Management Practice, on Employee Retention Strategy: An Empirical Analysis.” ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348786228_Impact_of_Human_Resource_Management_Practice_on_Employee_Retention_Strategy_An_Empirical_Analysis
- Hanai, A. E., & Pallangyo, W. A. (2020). The Contribution of Compensation in the Employee Retention of the Banking Institutions in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2020.5.4.223
- Hilman, M., Medina, N. & Nisfiannoor, M. (2023). The Role of Big Data Predictive Analytics as A Mediator of The Influence of Recruitment and Selection, Remuneration and Rewards, Training, and Development on Employee Retention. Return Study of Management Economic and Business, 3(04), 353–366. https://doi.org/10.57096/return.v3i04.91
- Hussein, A. M., Taher, D. M. H., & Hameed, L. M. (2021). Employees retention strategy and its impact on organizational memory: exploratory research for the opinion of faculty members at private colleges in Baghdad. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 10(1), 357. https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2021-0030
- Ibrahim, Y. (2024). Best Practices and Strategies for Talent Acquisition, Retention and Development in Egypt. Journal of Human Resource and Leadership, 9(1), 54–64. https://doi.org/10.47604/jhrl.2338
- Islam, M. A., Hack-Polay, D., Rahman, M., Hosen, M., Hunt, A., & Shafique, S. (2022). Work environment, HR practices and millennial employee retention in hospitality and tourism in Bangladesh. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 19(4). https://doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-06-2021-0859
- Johnson, P. (2021, April 23). Linear Relationship. WallStreetMojo. https://www.wallstreetmojo.com/linear-relationship/
- Karaca, A., Kaya, L., Kaya, G., & Harmanci Seren, A. K. (2022). Psychometric properties of the quality nursing care scale-Turkish version: a methodological study. BMC Nursing, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-022-01153-0
- Kariuki, A. (2020). Motivation and retention of teachers in private secondary schools in Kenya. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478), 9(6), 191–201. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v9i6.909
- Kiragu, L. N., & Marwa, M. S. (2022). Strategic Human Resource Practices and Employee Retention in a Private Commercial Bank in Nairobi County, Kenya. African Journal of Empirical Research, 3(1), 105–114. https://doi.org/10.51867/ajernet3.1.10
- Kršlak, S. Š., & Ljevo, N. (2021). Organizational Creativity in the Function of Improving the Competitive Advantage of Tourism Companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Journal of Advanced Research in Economics and Administrative Sciences, 2(1), 81–91. https://doi.org/10.47631/jareas.v2i1.215
- Kryscynski, D., Coff, R., & Campbell, B. (2020). Charting a path between firm?specific incentives and human capital?based competitive advantage. Strategic Management Journal, 42(2), 386–412. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3226
- Kudtho, P., Robkit, A., Vock-Wannewitz, B., Feldmeier, G., Haren, P. v., & Sriyanyong, P.(2022). Factors influencing the retention of Generation Y employees in Thailand. Proceedings of the International Conference on Education. https://doi.org/10.17501/24246700.2022.8113
- Kumar, S. (2022). The impact of talent management practices on employee turnover and retention intentions. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 41(2), 21– 34. https://doi.org/10.1002/joe.22130
- Kumari, S. (2022). The Impact of Training and Development on Employee Retention. International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management, 06(05). https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem13044
- Lim, L. P., Ong, C. H., Tan, O. K. & Wu, C.-H. (2024). Factors influencing employee retention of academic home tutors in a private school. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 13(2), 869–869. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v13i2.26998
- Macaraig, R., Hong, S., & Lay, S. (2024). Factors Affecting Employee Retention of Private Companies in Cambodia by Qualitative and Quantitative Approach. British Journal of Management and Marketing Studies, 7(1), 78–102. https://doi.org/10.52589/bjmms-0esrkpuu
- Magaisa, G. M., & Musundire, A. (2022). Factors Affecting Employee Retention in Zimbabwean Companies. International Journal of Applied Management Theory and Research, 4(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijamtr.288507
- Maqsood, N., Farooq, W., Akbar, I., & Ahmed, I. (2023). Moderating Role of Perceived Job Alternatives in the Relationships between Individual Learning, Compensation, Overtime Work and Turnover Intention. Journal of Management Practices, Humanities and Social Sciences, 7(5). https://doi.org/10.33152/jmphss-7.5.2
- McLeod, S. (2024, January 24). Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html Merican, N., Monil, M., Rafie, U. N., & Tajuddin, D. (2022). The Effect of Career Planning,
- Talent Management and Training Development towards Employee Retention. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(8). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v12-i8/14318
- Mohamed, R. F., Beshara, I. A.-R., & Saleh, N. M. (2024). Multiple Regression Model for The Prediction of Employee Retention in The Construction Firms in Egypt. Engineering Research Journal (Shoubra), 53(1), 238–248. https://doi.org/10.21608/erjsh.2023.231947.1210
- Moosa, M., & Aloka, P. J. (2022). Motivational Factors as a Driver for Success for First-Year Students at a Selected Public University in South Africa. Student Success. https://doi.org/10.5204/ssj.2415
- Mulisa, F. (2023). The Use of True-Random, Quasi-Random, and Nonrandom Sampling Techniques in Educational Studies. Computer Engineering and Intelligent Systems, 14(1), 19. https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/CEIS/article/view/60179
- Murtiningsih, R. S. (2020). The Impact of Compensation, Training & Development, and Organizational Culture on Job Satisfaction and Employee Retention. Indonesian Management and Accounting Research, 19(1), 33–50. https://doi.org/10.25105/imar.v19i1.6969
- Mutegi, T. M., Joshua, P. M., & Maina, J. K. (2023). Workplace safety, Employee safety attitudes and employee productivity of manufacturing firms. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 21. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v21i0.1989
- Nadeem, A., & Malik, A. (2021). Factors Affecting Employee Retention in Pakistan. International Journal of Research Publications, 86(1). https://doi.org/10.47119/ijrp1008611020212322
- Naz, S., Li, C., Nisar, Q. A., Khan, M. A. S., Ahmad, N., & Anwar, F. (2020). A Study in the Relationship Between Supportive Work Environment and Employee Retention: Role of Organizational Commitment and Person–Organization Fit as Mediators. SAGE Open, 10(2), 215824402092469. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020924694
- Ndahayo, S., Faustin, M. & Andala, O. H. (2023). Motivation Factors and Teacher Retention in Private Secondary Schools of Rwanda. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, VII(IV), 846–860. https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2023.7470
- Nguyen, C. (2020). The Impact of Training and Development, Job Satisfaction and Job Performance on Young Employee Retention. SSRN Electronic Journal, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3930645
- Ojediran, O. A., & Adebayo, R. O. (2023). The impact of total rewards [TR] on employee retention: a case of first aluminum of Nigeria (FAN) organization. International Journal of Research in Business & Social Science, 12(3), 122–130. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v12i3.2279
- Oliveira, J. F. de, Reckziegel, J. C. L., Kanan, L. A., & Santos, V. V. dos. (2021). The primary health care environment and the impact on motivation and stress in nurses. Research, Society and Development, 10(9), e1810917756. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i9.17756
- Prakash, K., & Philimis, J. (2022). Factors Affecting Employee Retention in IT Sector. International Journal of Advanced Research in Commerce, 05(03), 19–25. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/377141628_Factors_Affecting_Employee_Retention_In_It_Sector
- Rahmani, S., & Prayoga, C. (2023). Employee Retention Model with Variables of a Supportive Work Environment Mediated By Organizational Involvement (Study at PT. Carana Bunga Persada). Journal of Scientific Research, Education, and Technology (JSRET), 2(1), 211–219. https://doi.org/10.58526/jsret.v2i1.62
- Ratna, S., None, E., Luthfiyah, N., Urip, W, Yulistiana, N. & Prihatina, Y. I. (2021). Validity, Reliability, Intra-rater Instrument Parameter Teaching Factory and Learning Outcomes of Industrial Clothing. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research/Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211223.214
- Robertson, S., Baror, S., & Venter, H. (2024). Metaverse: Virtual Currencies as a Mechanism for Employee Engagement and Retention. Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Information Warfare and Security/the Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Information Warfare and Security, 19(1), 289–298. https://doi.org/10.34190/iccws.19.1.2033
- Rony, M. K. K., Md. Numan, S., & Alamgir, H. M. (2023). The association between work-life imbalance, employees’ unhappiness, work’s impact on family, and family impacts on work among nurses: A cross-sectional study. Informatics in Medicine Unlocked, 38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imu.2023.101226
- Saleem, F., Malik, M. I., Asif, I., & Qasim, A. (2022). Workplace Incivility and Employee Performance: Does Trust in Supervisors Matter? (A Dual Theory Perspective). Behavioral Sciences, 12(12), 513. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12120513
- Salkind, N. J., & Frey, B. B. (2019). Statistics for people who (think they) hate statistics. Sage Publications.
- Samosir, C., Maharani, A., & Burhanuddin, M. (2021). Measuring Factor Affecting Indonesia’s Seafarers Retention. Journal of Business and Management Review, 2(7), 470–482. https://doi.org/10.47153/jbmr27.1842021
- Saputra, I. K. R. D., & Riana, I. G. (2021). The Relationships of Work Environment, Compensation, And Organizational Commitments on Employee Retention. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic, 5(1), 20–25. https://www.kemalapublisher.com/index.php/JoMA/article/view/533/534
- Sarina, M. N., Syaza, H. K., Chong, K. M. & Abdullah, A. B. (2024). Job Satisfaction and Motivation towards Employee Retention in Multinational Companies in Klang Valley: A Post-Pandemic Research. International Journal of Academic Research in Business & Social Sciences, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v14-i2/20448
- Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research Methods for Business: A Skill-building Approach (7th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
- Shikalepo, E. E. (2020, April). (PDF) The Role of Motivational Theories in Shaping Teacher Motivation and Performance: A Review of Related Literature. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340923164_The_Role_of_Motivational_Th eories_in_Shaping_Teacher_Motivation_and_Performance_A_Review_of_Related_Literature
- Shrestha, P., & Prajapati, M. (2024). Impact of Strategic Human Resource Management Practices on Employee Retention. The Batuk, 10(1), 55–71. https://doi.org/10.3126/batuk.v10i1.62298
- Siaw, G. A., Agbenyeke, L. E., Gyasi, G. O., & Afari, B. (2022). Factors Influencing Employee Retention in 3-Star Hotels: Evidence from New Juaben North Municipality, Ghana. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 2(1), 47–68. https://doi.org/10.47672/jht.1085
- Sija, A. (2022). Determinants Of Employee Retention in Private Healthcare. European Journal of Human Resource Management Studies, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.46827/ejhrms.v5i4.1220
- Sija, A. (2022). Determinants of employee retention in private healthcare. European Journal of Human Resource Management Studies, 5(4).
- Singh, A. P., Vadakedath, S., & Kandi, V. (2023). Clinical research: A review of study designs, hypotheses, errors, sampling types, ethics, and informed consent. Cureus, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.33374
- Sorn, M. K., Fienena, A. R. L., Ali, Y., Rafay, M., & Fu, G. (2023). The Effectiveness of Compensation in Maintaining Employee Retention. Open Access Library Journal, 10(7), 1–14. https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=126223
- Suraihi, W. A. A., Samikon, S. A., Suraihi, A.-H. A. A., & Ibrahim, I. (2021). Employee turnover: Causes, importance and retention strategies. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 6(3), 1–10. ResearchGate. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2021.6.3.893
- Suryadi, G., Utomo, F., & Setiorini, A. (2022). The role of compensation and work environment on employee job satisfaction (a case study at container terminal). International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 06(12), 674-677. https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2022.61240
- Syed Noordin, S. H. S. N., Jamaludin, N. L., Ahmad Jamil, N., & Mahpar, N. S. (2021). Factors Influencing Employee Retention; The Moderating Roles of Job Embeddedness in Ecommerce Logistic Industry. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(5). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v11i5/9737
- Vijayakumar, G., & Shanthini, B. N. (2020). Influence of Motivational Factors on Employee Retention among the Sales Managers in the Private Sector Insurance companies in Chennai City. Sumedha Journal of Management, 9(1), 52. https://doi.org/10.46454/sumedha/9.1.2020.5
- Watkins, R., & Fusch, P. (2022). Employee Monetary Compensation and Employee Job Satisfaction. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 10(09), 321–339. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2022.109021
- Wu, Y., Wang, J., Liu, J., Zheng, J., Liu, K., Baggs, J. G., Liu, X., & You, L. (2020). The impact of work environment on workplace violence, burnout and work attitudes for hospital nurses: A structural equation modelling analysis. Journal of Nursing Management, 28(3), 495–503. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12947
- Xuecheng, W., Iqbal, Q., & Saina, B. (2022). Factors affecting employee’s retention: Integration of situational leadership with social exchange theory. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(872105), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.872105
- Yang, F., Jiang, Y., & Pu, X. (2021). Impact of Work Value Perception on Workers’ Physical and Mental Health: Evidence from China. Healthcare, 9(8), 1059. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9081059
- Zainal, N. S. B., Wider, W., Lajuma, S., Ahmad Khadri, M. W. A. B., Taib, N. M., & Joseph, A. (2022). Employee Retention in the Service Industry in Malaysia. Frontiers in Sociology, 7(7). https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2022.928951
- Zulkefli, N. A., Seman, S. A., Othman, N., & Tahir, H. M. (2023). The Relationship between Work Environment and Employee Retention in Construction and Manufacturing Firms in Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia. Jurnal Evolusi, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.61688/jev.v4i1.65
Downloads
No downloads have been recorded for this article yet. Figures appear here once readers begin downloading the full text.
How to Cite
Share this article
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Wan Aliyah Wan Abd Aziz, Nor Lela Ahmad, Hairunnisa Ma’amor, Ruzita Manshor, Faizah Md. Sohid, Natasha Dzulkalnine, Farahiyah Akmal Mat Nawi, Azzura Nordin (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Author (s) should affirm that the material has not been published previously. It has not been submitted and it is not under consideration by any other journal. At the same time author (s) need to execute a publication permission agreement to assume the responsibility of the submitted content and any omissions and errors therein. After submission of revised paper in the light of suggestions of the reviewers, the editorial team edits and formats manuscripts to bring uniformity and standardization in published material.
This work will be licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) and under condition of the license, users are free to read, copy, remix, transform, redistribute, download, print, search or link to the full texts of articles and even build upon their work as long as they credit the author for the original work. Moreover, as per journal policy author (s) hold and retain copyrights without any restrictions.
Keywords
- Employee Retention Search this journal for Employee Retention (opens in a new tab)
- Compensation Search this journal for Compensation (opens in a new tab)
- Benefits Search this journal for Benefits (opens in a new tab)
- Training and Development Search this journal for Training and Development (opens in a new tab)
- Working Environment Search this journal for Working Environment (opens in a new tab)
- Reward and Recognition Search this journal for Reward and Recognition (opens in a new tab)
Section
Published in
Vol. 16 No. 3S(I)a (2024)
Supply Chain Resilience, Islamic Finance & Micro-Influence
View issue contents
Published
Submissions
Have research to publish? Information Management and Business Review welcomes submissions.
Make a Submission