Author

  • Nusrah Samat

    • Faculty of Business and Management, Open University Malaysia, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
    • Malaysia

  • Goi Mei Teh

    • Faculty of Business and Management, Open University Malaysia, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
    • Malaysia

  • Abdul Mutalib Mohamed Azim

    • Faculty of Business and Management, Open University Malaysia, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
    • Malaysia

  • Norashikin Hussein

    • Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Kuala Selangor, Selangor, Malaysia
    • Malaysia

Abstract

Previous research and practitioners typically concentrate on a limited operational definition of bullying when examining educators’ experiences with bullying in higher educational institutions (HEIs). This study employs the term Educator-Targeted Bullying (ETB) to denote a more precise variable, owing to the narrow definition of academic bullying. This study aims to validate a 47-item instrument that assesses three forms of bullying-related stress among academics in higher education institutions. Upon reviewing previous literature on educator bullying, three prevalent forms are identified: workplace bullying, cyberbullying, and teacher-targeted bullying. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to evaluate factorial structures based on a total of 210 survey responses. This study categorizes seven dimensions of ETB: student direct bullying, devaluation bullying, indirect private bullying, pictorial cyberbullying, task bullying, relational cyberbullying, and student physical bullying. Consequently, the factors significantly influence the operational definitions of educator bullying.

Keywords

References

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How to Cite

Samat, N., Teh, G. M., Mohamed Azim, A. M., & Hussein, N. (2025). Validation of the Educator-Targeted Bullying Measurement. Information Management and Business Review, 17(3(I)S), 216-224. https://doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v17i3(I)S.4729

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Research Paper

Published in

Vol. 17 No. 3(I)S (2025) Digital Leadership, AI-Assisted Learning & Inclusive Workforce View issue contents

Published

2025-10-14

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