Author

  • Afsheen Khalid

    • Air University Islamabad, Pakistan
    • Pakistan
  • Ghulam Murtaza

    • Air University Islamabad, Pakistan
    • Pakistan
  • Aliya Zafar

    • COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Pakistan
    • Pakistan
  • Mueen Aizaz Zafar

    • Air University Islamabad, Pakistan
    • Pakistan
  • Lutfullah Saqib

    • Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
    • Pakistan
  • Rizwan Mushtaq

    • International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
    • Pakistan

Abstract

Stress is a major problem faced by employees in the working environment that affects performance. This problem can be resolved if employees receive support from their leaders. This study was conducted to examine the moderating effect of supportive leadership on the relationship between job stress and job performance. Supportive leadership is an important factor enhancing employee performance in organizations. In this research, 200 employees were considered from 4 educational institutions. Data was collected using a well-developed questionnaire. The empirical results reveal that supportive leadership has a negative effect on job stress and directly impacts job performance. The study also revealed that Supportive Leadership moderates the relationship between these constructs. The paper concludes with recommendations for further research.

Keywords

References

  • Ahmed, A. & Halim, A. (1982). Social support and managerial affective responses to job stress . Journal of Occupational Behavior, 3(4), 281-295.
  • Avolio, B. J. & Bass, B. M. (1995). Individual consideration viewed at multiple levels of analysis: A multi-level framework for examining the influence of transformational leadership. Leadership Quarterly, 6 , 199– 218.
  • Bashir, U. & Ramay, M. I. (2010). Impact of stress on employees’ job performance a study on banking sector of Pakistan. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 2(1), 122-126.
  • Bass B. M. & Avolio, B. J. (1997). Full Range of Leadership Development: Manual for the Multi-factor Leadership Questionnaire. California: Mind Garden Inc.
  • Beehr, T. A. & Love, K. G. (1980). Social stressors on the job: A review and recommended new directions. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Academy of Management, Detroit.
  • Bohlander, G., Snell, S. & Sherman, A. (2001). Managing human resources. USA: South-Western College Publishing.
  • Bolman, L. G. & Deal, T. E. (1994). Looking for leadership: Another search party’s report . Educational Administration Quarterly, 30(1), 77.
  • Borucki, Z. (1987). Perceived organizational stress, emotions, and negative consequences of stress: Global self-esteem and sense of interpersonal competence as moderator variables. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 18(3), 139-148.
  • Bosma, H., Peter, R., Siegrist, J. & Marmot, M. (1998). Two alternative job stress models and the risk of coronary heart disease. American Journal of Public Health, 88(1), 68-74.
  • Bowen, H. R. & Schuster, J. H. (1986). American professors: A national resource imperiled. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Brief, A. P. & Aldag, R. J. (1976). Correlates of role indices. Journal of Applied Psychology, 61 , 468 -472.
  • Bryman, A. (1993). Charisma and leadership in organizations. Some neglected issues. Leadership Quarterly, 4 (3/4), 289-304
  • Chan, D. W. (1998). Stress, coping strategies, and psychological distress among secondary school teachers in Hong Kong. American Educational Research Journal, 35(1), 145-63.
  • Cobb, S. (1976). Social support as a moderator of life. Stress, 38, 300-314.
  • Daft, R. L. (2005). The leadership experience. (3rd Ed). Toronto: Thompson South Western.
  • Dar, L., Akmal, A., Naseem, M. A. & Khan, K. D. (2011). Impact of stress on employee’s job performance in business sector of Pakistan. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 11(6).
  • Davey, J., Obst, P. & Sheehan, M. (2001). Demographic and workplace characteristics, which add to the prediction of stress and job satisfaction within the police workforce. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 16(1), 29-39.
  • Deluga, R. J. (1995). Relationship of transformational and transactional leadership with employee influencing strategies. Leaders and the leadership process: Readings, self-assessments and applications. IL: Austin Press.
  • Dumdum, U. R., Lowe, K. B. & Avolio, B. J. (2002).A meta-analysis of transformational and transactional leadership correlates of effectiveness and satisfaction: An update and extension. In B. J. Avolio & F.J.Yammarino (eds.), Transformational and Charismatic leadership: The road ahead, 2, 35-66.Oxford, U.K: Elsevier Sciences.
  • Elovainio, M., Kivimaki, M. & Vahtera, J. (2002). Organizational justice: Evidence of a new psychosocial predictor of health. American Journal of Public Health, 92(1), 105-108.
  • English, F. W. (1992). Educational administration: The human science. New York: Harper-Collins.
  • Eyal, O. & Roth, G. (2011). Principals’ leadership and teachers’ motivation: Self-determination theory analysis. Journal of Educational Administration, 49(3), 256-275.
  • Eysenck, M. (1998). Psychology: An integrated approach. Harlow: Addison Wesley Longman Ltd.
  • Farris, G. C. & Lim, F. G. Jr. (1969). Effects of performance on leadership influence, satisfaction, and subsequent performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 53, 490-7.
  • Fiedler, F. E. & Garcia, J. E. (1987). New approaches to effective leadership: Cognitive resources and organizational performance. New York: Wiley.
  • Geijsel, F., Sleegers, P., Leithwood, K. & Jantzi, D. (2003). Transformational leadership effects on teachers’ commitment and effort toward school reform. Journal of Educational Administration, 41(3), 228-56.
  • Gibson, J. L., Ivancevich, J. M. & Donnelly, J. H. (2000). Organizations: Behavior, structure, processes. 10th ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill.
  • Goodhue, D. L. & Thompson, R. L. (1995). Task-technology fit and individual performance. MIS Quarterly, 19 (3), 213-236.
  • Graen, G. & Cashman, J. F. (1975). A role-making model of leadership in formal organizations: A developmental approach. IN J.G. Hunt & L.L. Larsen (Eds.) Leadership Frontiers, 143-165, Kent, OH: Kent State University Press.
  • Greene, C. N. (1975). The reciprocal nature of influence between leader and subordinate. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60, 187-193.
  • Greguras, G. J., Ployhart, R. E. & Balzer, W. K. (1996). Performance appraisal training program for wood county council on alcohol and drug abuse. Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University, Institute for Psychological Research and Application.
  • Hemphill, J. K. & Coons, A. E. (1957). Development of the leader behavior description questionnaire. In R. Stogdill and A. Coons, (Eds.,), Leader Behavior: Its Description and Measurement . Columbus, Ohio: Bureau of Business Research.
  • House, R. J. (1971). A path-goal theory of leader effectiveness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 16, 321-338.
  • House, R. J. & Mitchell, T. R. (1974). Path-goal theory of leadership. Journal of Contemporary Business, 3, 81-97.
  • House, R. J. (1996). Path goal theory of leadership: lesson legacy and a reformulated theory. Leadership quarterly, 7(3), 324-352.
  • Imtiaz, S. & Ahmed, M. S. (2009). The impact of stress on employee productivity, performance and turn over: An important managerial issue. International Review of Business Research Paper, 5(4), 468‐477.
  • Jam, F. A., Akhtar, S., Inam, H., Rehman, M. A. & Hijazi, S. T. (2010). Impact of leader behavior on employee job stress: Evidence form Pakistan. European Journal of Economics, 21 , 172-179.
  • Jamal, M. (1984). Job stress and job performance controversy: An empirical assessment. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 33, 1-21.
  • Judge, T. A., Piccolo, R. F. & Ilies, R. (2004). The forgotten ones? The validity of consideration and initiating structure in leadership research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 36-51.
  • Kahn, R., Wolfe, D., Quinn, R., Snoek, J. & Rosenthal, R. (1964). Organizational stress: Studies in role conflict and ambiguity. New York: Wiley.
  • Kakkos, N. & Trivellas, P. (2011). Investigating the link between motivation, work stress and job performance. Evidence from the banking industry. 8th International Conference on Enterprise Systems, Accounting and Logistics, 408-428.
  • Kazmi, R., Amjad, S. & Khan, D. (2008). Occupational stress and its effect on job performance. A case study of medical house officers of Abbotabad. JAMC, 20(3), 135-139.
  • LaRocco, J. M. & Jones, A. P. (1978). Co-worker and leader support as moderators of stress-strain relationships in work situations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63(5), 629-634.
  • Leka, S., Griffiths, A. & Cox, T. (2004). Work organization and stress, systematic problem approaches for employers, managers and trade union representatives. Geneva: WHO.
  • Lowin, A. & Craig, J. R. (1968). The influence of level of performance on managerial style: An experimental object-lesson in the ambiguity of correlational data. Organizational behavior and Human Performance, 3 , 440-458.
  • McCloy, R. A., Campbell, J. P. & Cudek, R. (1994). A confirmatory test of a model of performance determinants. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(4), 493-504.
  • Montgomery, D. C., Blodgett, J. G. & Barnes, J. H. (1996). A model of financial securities sales persons job stress. The Journal of Services Marketing, 10(3), 21-34.
  • Motowidlo, S. J. & Van Scotter, J. R. (1994). Evidence that task performance should be distinguished from contextual performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(4), 475-480.
  • Oluseyi, S. A. & Ayo, H. T. (2009). Influence of work motivation, leadership effectiveness and time management on employees’ performance in some selected industries in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences , (16).
  • Parker, D. F. & Decotiis, T. A. (1983). Organizational determinants of job stress, 32,160-177.
  • Rafferty, A. E. & Griffin, M. A. (2006). Refining individualized consideration: Distinguishing developmental leadership and supportive leadership. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 79 , 37– 61.
  • Reio, T. G. (1997). Effects of curiosity on socialization-related learning and job performance in adults. (Unpublished dissertation thesis). Virginia: Polytechnic Institute.
  • Retelsdorf, J., Butler, R., Streblow, L. & Schiefele, U. (2009). Teachers’ goal orientations for teaching: Associations with instructional practices, interest in teaching, and burnout. Learning and Instruction, 20, 1-17.
  • Rose, M. (2003). Good deal, bad deal? Job satisfaction in occupations. Work Employment Society , 17, 503.
  • Rowld, J. & Schlotz, W. (2009). Transformational and transactional leadership and followers’ chronic stress . Leadership Review, 9, 35-48.
  • Sass, D. A., Seal, A. K. & Martin, N. K. (2011). Predicting teacher retention using stress and support variables. Journal of Educational Administration, 49(2), 200-215.
  • Schuler, R. S. (1977). The effects of role perceptions on employee satisfaction and performance moderated by employee ability. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 18 , 98-107.
  • Shikieri, A. B. E. & Musa, H. A. (2012). Factors Associated with Occupational Stress and Their Effects on Organizational Performance in a Sudanese University. Scientific Research , 3(1), 134-144.
  • Smith, E., Anderson, J. L. & Lovrich, N. P. (1995). The multiple sources of workplace stress among land-grant university faculty. Research in Higher Education, 36, 261-282.
  • Stamper L. C. & Johlke, C. M. (2003). The impact of perceived organizational support on the relationship between boundary spanner role stress and work outcomes. Journal of Management , 29, 569.
  • Szilagyi, A. D., Sims, H. P. & Keller, R. T. (1976). Role dynamics, locus of control, and employee attitudes and behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 19, 259-276.
  • Wren, J. T. (1995). The Leader's Companion: Insights 21on Leadership through the ages, NewYork: Free Press.
  • Wallace, J. C, Edwards, B. D., Arnold, T. & Frazier, M. L. (2009). Work stressors, role-based performance, and the moderating influence of organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(1), 254-262.
  • Welford, A. T. (1973). Stress and performance. Ergonomics, 16(5), 567-580.
  • Westman, M. (2005). Crossover of stress and strain between spouses. In M. Pitt-Catsouphes, E.E. Kossek, and P. Raskin (Eds.), Sloan Work and Family Encyclopedia. Chestnut Hill, MA: Sloan Work and Family Research Network.
  • Wu, Y. (2011). Job stress and job performance among employees in the Taiwanese finance sector: The role of emotional intelligence. Social Behavior and Personality, 39(1), 21-32.

Downloads

No downloads have been recorded for this article yet. Figures appear here once readers begin downloading the full text.

How to Cite

Khalid, A., Murtaza, G., Zafar, A., Zafar, M. A., Saqib, L., & Mushtaq, R. (2012). Role of Supportive Leadership as a Moderator between Job Stress and Job Performance. Information Management and Business Review, 4(9), 487-495. https://doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v4i9.1004

Share this article

Section

Research Paper

Published

2012-09-15

Submissions

Have research to publish? Information Management and Business Review welcomes submissions.

Make a Submission