Abstract
The need of visitor has been changed in tourism which is to learn and have meaningful experience. However, Mobile Augmented Reality technology that caters enjoyable informal learning in cultural heritage site is still limited. Therefore a conceptual model is proposed to guide developers in developing such mobile AR application to promote enjoyable informal learning. This article describes the proposed model which is called as a ‘conceptual model of mobile AR for cultural heritage site towards enjoyable informal learning’. Expert review and focus group discussion methods were conducted to evaluate the proposed model are also explained in this article. Prior to the evaluation process, a field study was also conducted to discover novel components of enjoyable informal learning content in cultural heritage site. The results of all methods conducted were contributed to the development of a conceptual model. The conceptual model consists of two levels which in the first level; it contains three main components (mobile AR technology, enjoyable informal learning, and cultural heritage site) and in the second level of the model provides detail information which contains the elements of each component.
Keywords
- Mobile Augmented Reality Search this journal for Mobile Augmented Reality (opens in a new tab)
- Enjoyable Search this journal for Enjoyable (opens in a new tab)
- Informal Learning Search this journal for Informal Learning (opens in a new tab)
- Cultural Heritage Site Search this journal for Cultural Heritage Site (opens in a new tab)
- Conceptual Model Search this journal for Conceptual Model (opens in a new tab)
References
- Azuma, R. T. (1997). A Survey of Augmented Reality. PRESENCE: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 6(4), 355–385. > Billinghurst, M., Kato, H. & Poupyrev, I. (2008). Tangible augmented reality. ACM SIGGRAPH ASIA 2008 Courses on - SIGGRAPH Asia ’08, 1–10. doi: 10.1145/1508044.1508051
- Dey, A., Abowd, G. & Salber, D. (2001). A Conceptual Framework and a Toolkit for Supporting the Rapid Prototyping of Context-Aware Applications. Human-Computer Interaction , 16(2), 97–166. doi: 10.1207/S15327051HCI16234_02
- Fino, E. R., Martín-Gutiérrez, J., Fernández, M. D. M. & Davara, E. A. (2013). Interactive Tourist Guide: Connecting Web 2.0, Augmented Reality and QR Codes. Procedia Computer Science , 25, 338–344. doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2013.11.040
- Höllerer, T. H. & Feiner, S. K. (2004). Mobile Augmented Reality. In K. H & H. A (Eds.), Telegeoinformatics: Location-Based Computing Servicesmputing Services (pp. 1–39). Taylor & Francis Books Ltd.
- Park, D., Nam, T. J. & Shi, C. K. (2006). Designing an Immersive Tour Experience System for Cultural Tour Sites. CHI ’06 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI EA '06, 1193. doi: 10.1145/1125451.1125675
- Pendit, U. C. & Zaibon, S. B. (2014). Enjoyable Informal Learning in Cultural Heritage Site using Mobile Augmented Reality: A Conceptual Model. Journal of Advances in Science and Technology , 2(3), 93– 106.
- Puyuelo, M., Higón, J. L., Merino, L. & Contero, M. (2013). Experiencing Augmented Reality as an Accessibility Resource in the UNESCO Heritage Site Called La Lonja, Valencia. Procedia Computer Science , 25, 171–178. doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2013.11.021
- Seo, B., Kim, K. & Park, J. I. (2011). Augmented Reality-Based On-Site Tour Guide : A Study in Gyeongbokgung. In R. Koch & F. Huang (Eds.), Computer Vision - ACCV 2010 Workshops (pp. 276–285). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-22819-3_28
- Toh, Y. W., Jeung, J. H. & Pan, Y. H. (2010). A combined user research process for designing mobile AR guide in cultural heritage. 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality - Arts, Media, and Humanities, (M), 71–72. doi: 10.1109/ISMAR-AMH.2010.5643287
- Vallino, J. R. (1998). Interactive Augmented Reality. University of Rochester.
- Wachelka, E. (2013). Techcooltour: Discover Ancient Empires with Augmented Reality. Retrieved February 27, 2014, from http://junaio.wordpress.com/2013/09/30/techcooltour-discoverancient-empires-with-augmented-reality/
- Zoellner, M., Stricker, D., Bleser, G. & Pastarmov, Y. (2007). iTACITUS – Novel Interaction and Tracking Paradigms for Mobile AR. In D. Arnold (Ed.), The European Research Network of Excellence in Open Cultural Heritage (EPOCH) (pp. 110–117). Budapest: Archaeolingua.
Downloads
No downloads have been recorded for this article yet. Figures appear here once readers begin downloading the full text.
How to Cite
Share this article
License
Copyright (c) 2014 Ulka Chandini Pendit, Syamsul Bahrin Zaibon, Juliana A. Abu Bakar (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Author (s) should affirm that the material has not been published previously. It has not been submitted and it is not under consideration by any other journal. At the same time author (s) need to execute a publication permission agreement to assume the responsibility of the submitted content and any omissions and errors therein. After submission of revised paper in the light of suggestions of the reviewers, the editorial team edits and formats manuscripts to bring uniformity and standardization in published material.
This work will be licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) and under condition of the license, users are free to read, copy, remix, transform, redistribute, download, print, search or link to the full texts of articles and even build upon their work as long as they credit the author for the original work. Moreover, as per journal policy author (s) hold and retain copyrights without any restrictions.
Keywords
- Mobile Augmented Reality Search this journal for Mobile Augmented Reality (opens in a new tab)
- Enjoyable Search this journal for Enjoyable (opens in a new tab)
- Informal Learning Search this journal for Informal Learning (opens in a new tab)
- Cultural Heritage Site Search this journal for Cultural Heritage Site (opens in a new tab)
- Conceptual Model Search this journal for Conceptual Model (opens in a new tab)
Section
Published
Submissions
Have research to publish? Information Management and Business Review welcomes submissions.
Make a Submission