Abstract
Music Concerts and Festivals (MCF) have experienced steady growth each year, transforming these events into large-scale international gatherings from their humble beginnings in the 1980s. The trend of increasing attendance by festival-goers and concert-goers at MCF has prominently emerged in the 21st century. The attendance of MCF contributes to the formation of crowds, which are indirectly influenced by risky behavior. Consequently, this trend has led to numerous incidents related to risky behavior at MCF. However, there is insufficient research on such behavior, and few existing studies address any predictive models specific to MCF. As a result, there has been a slight increase in aggressive behavioral incidents among festival-goers and concert-goers. This issue has demonstrated the importance of studying crowd behavior among those attending musical concerts and festivals. Therefore, this paper will focus on the important variables related to risky behavior that can cause crowd behavior and bridge the gap by identifying risky behavior among crowds. Additionally, this study will propose a research framework for the development of a crowd behavioral predictive model to anticipate future risk behavior among attendees. This research will employ a mixedmethods approach comprising qualitative and quantitative methodologies as its method of investigation. The research framework will then be used to develop a predictive model of crowd behavior among attendees of MCF that will help to provide significant information for event and concert organizers to understand potential risky behavior among the crowd, hence, help in mitigating or preventing unwanted crowd safety incidents at MCF.
Keywords
- Music Concerts and Festivals (MCF) Search this journal for Music Concerts and Festivals (MCF) (opens in a new tab)
- Risky Behavior Search this journal for Risky Behavior (opens in a new tab)
- Predictive Model Search this journal for Predictive Model (opens in a new tab)
- Crowd Safety Incidents Search this journal for Crowd Safety Incidents (opens in a new tab)
References
- Raineri, A. & Earl, C. (2005). Crowd management for outdoor music festivals. Journal of Occupational Health and Safety-Australia and New Zealand, 21(3), 205-215.
- Al-Gadhi, S. A. (1996). A Review Study of Crowd Behavior and Movement. Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences, 8(1), 87. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1018-3639(18)30641-X
- Alison Hutton, J. R. (2018). Developing Public Health Initiatives through Understanding Motivations of the Audience at Mass-Gathering Events. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 2, 4. doi: 10.1017/S1049023X18000067
- Alison Hutton, M. B. (2021). Does the Presence of On-Site Medical Services at Outdoor Music Festivals Affect Attendees’ Planned Alcohol and Recreational Drug Use? Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 36(4), 403 - 406. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X21000613
- Andrew M. Milsten, J. T. (2017). Retrospective Analysis of Mosh-Pit-Related. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 32(6), 1, 4, 5. doi: 10.1017/S1049023X17006689
- Anne Templeton, J. D. (2018). Walking together: behavioral signatures of psychological crowds. Royal Society Open Science, 5(180172), 12. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180172
- Arif Zikri, J. W. (2023, December 4). Concert organizers: Anwar govt spot-on in backing Coldplay gig, potential billions in future revenue. Retrieved from Malay Mail: https://www.malaymail.com/news/showbiz/2023/12/04/concert-organisers-anwar-govt-spot-on-in-backing-coldplay-gig-potential-billions-in-future-revenue/104563
- Australian Associated Press. (2023, February 12). Man dies from suspected drug overdose after attending Sydney music festival. Retrieved from The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/feb/13/man-dies-from-suspected-drug-overdose-after-attending-sydney-music-festival
- Barnes, A., & White, R. (2019). Violence in the mosh pit: assault within the Australian punk scene. Current Issues in Criminal Justice, 31(1), 40–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/10345329.2018.1556281
- Bella M. González Ponce, C. D.-B.-S.-C. (2019). Personality traits and their association with drug use and harm reduction strategies among polysubstance users who attend music festivals. Journal of Substance Use, 25(2), 1 - 2, 6, 7. doi: 10.1080/14659891.2019.1672818
- Belmore, R. (2023, July 17). On This Day In Newport History: July 17, 1954 - First Newport Jazz Festival Held. Retrieved from What's Up Newp (WUN): https://whatsupnewp.com/2023/07/on-this-day-in-newport-history-july-17-1954-first-newport-jazz-festival-held/
- Bennett, R. (2015). 1 - Live concerts and fan identity in the age of the Internet. In R. Bennett, The Digital Evolution of Live Music (p. 7). Chandos Publishing. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100067-0.00001-4
- Bianca Fileborn, P. W. (2019). Safety, sexual harassment and assault at Australian music festivals: final report. 26. doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.30091.85280
- Carissa, A., Natalia, J., Lasini, M. & Gunadi, W. (2020) (2020). Understanding the Role of Sensory, Emotional, Social and Memorable Experiences in Behavioral Intention of Indonesia’s Music Concert Industry. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 9(1), 370-381.
- Catherine Tuvblad, M. S. (2019). Chapter Two - Behavioral Genetics of Aggression and Intermittent Explosive Disorder. Etiology, Assessment, and Treatment. In M. S. Emil F. Coccaro (Ed.), Intermittent Explosive Disorder (p. 18). Academic Press.
- CBS News . (2023, June 15). Beyoncé single-handedly raised a country's inflation. Retrieved from CBS News: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/beyonce-renaissance-tour-inflation-sweden-economist-says/
- Cresswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mix Method Approaches. London: Sage Publication.
- Creswell, J. W. (2018). Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative and Mix Methods Approaches. Los Angeles: Sage Publication.
- Daniella Hult Khazaie, S. S. (2019). Shared social identi?cation in mass gatherings lowers health risk perceptions via lowered disgust. The British Psychological Society, 2. doi: 10.1111/bjso.12362
- Darms, E. K. (2013). Safe Space: The Riot Grrrl Collection. The Journal of the Association of Canadian Archivists, 76, 59. doi: https://archivaria.ca/index.php/archivaria/article/view/13458
- Earl, C. (2008). Crowds at Outdoor Music Festivals: An Examination of Crowd Psychology and its Implications for the Environmental Health Practitioner. Environmental Health, 8 (1), 39. Retrieved from https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.200465858790005
- Eleanor Black, L. G. (2020). Toxicological analysis of serious drug-related harm among electronic dance music festival attendees in New South Wales, Australia: A consecutive case series. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 213, 1 - 2, 4 - 6. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108070
- Emma Webster, M. B. (2018, February). Valuing live music: The UK Live Music Census 2017 report. United Kingdom: The UK Live Music Census. Retrieved from The UK Live Music Census: https://uklivemusiccensus.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/UK-Live-Music-Census-2017-full-report.pdf
- Frith, S. (2007). Live Music Matters. Scottish Music Review: Indeterminacy and Technology, 1(1), 1 - 2. Retrieved from https://scottishmusicreview.org/Articles/1.1/Frith%3A%20Live%20Music%20Matters.pdf
- Hannah Bows, A. D. (2022). “It’s Like a Drive by Misogyny”: Sexual Violence at UK Music Festivals. Violence Against Women, 30(2), 372, 374, 377, 379, 382, 384, 385, . doi: 10.1177/10778012221120443
- Harriman Samuel Saragih, N. A. (2020). Segmentation of music festival visitors by values of hedonic, life satisfaction and eudaimonia. Event and Festival Management, 11(4), 453-454. doi: 10.1108/IJEFM-03-2020-0016
- Hogg, P. R. (2020). In-Depth Interviewing. International Encyclopaedia of Media Psychology, 2 - 3. doi: 10.1002/9781119011071.iemp0019
- Hyland, J. (2023, September 30). Two dead after visiting Sydney music festival Knockout. Retrieved from Daily Mail: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-12579811/Two-dead-visiting-Sydney-music-festivals-Listen-Knockout.html
- Joana Corrêa de Magalhães Narvaez, L. R. (2019). Re-traumatization Cycle: Sexual Abuse, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Sexual Risk Behaviors among Club Drug Users. Substance Use & Misuse, 54(9), 1. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2019.1589521
- Kathryn M. Zeitz, H. M. (2009, January 23). Crowd Behavior at Mass Gatherings: A Literature Review. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 24(1), 32. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/26322213_Crowd_Behavior_at_Mass_Gatherings_A_Literature_Review
- Kaufman, G. (2023, December 13). Beyoncé Close to Billionaire Status After ' Renaissance' Tour. Retrieved from Billboard: https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/beyonce-almost-billionaire-renaissance-tour-1235554619/
- Kelly, F. V.-G. (2020). Contested gendered space: public sexual harassment and women’s safety work. International Journal of Comparative and Applied, 269 - 270.
- Khairiah Ismail, N. H. (2021, July). Is a Festival-goer a Risk-Taker? Environment behavior proceeding journal, 6(S14), 172-175. doi: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI4.2916
- Koen Ponnet, P. C.-P. (2023, December 21). Exploring the Decision-Making Process behind Illicit Drug Use at Music Festivals. Substance Use & Misuse, 1 - 2, 5 - 7. doi: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2294979
- Kristin Feltmann, J. G. (2020). Compliance to the Alcohol Law: Overserving to Obviously Intoxicated Visitors at Music Festivals. International Journal of Environment Research and Public Health, 17, 1 - 5. doi: doi: 10.3390/ijerph17228699
- Kristin Feltmann, T. H. (2019). High levels of alcohol intoxication and strong support for restrictive alcohol policies among music festival visitors. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 14(15), 1 - 9 . doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13011-019-0203-8
- Le Bon, G. (2002). The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind. Mineola, New York: Dover Publications, Inc.
- Lorelli S. Nowell, J. M. (2017). Thematic Analysis: Striving to Meet the Trustworthiness Criteria. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 16(1), 2. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406917733847
- Marion Istvan, V. B. B. E. V. (2023). First results of the French OCTOPUS survey among festival attendees: a latent class analysis. Harm Reduction Journal, 20(43), 1 - 2, 7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-023-00770-5
- Marty Janssen, S. O. (2021). STI testing among young people attending music festivals in New South Wales, Australia: exploring the client segmentation concept in the ‘Down to Test’ program. Sexual Health, 18(5), A - B, E, . doi: https://doi.org/10.1071/SH21101
- Masrur Mohd Khir, N. A. (2019). Exploring the Legal and Safety Issues amongst Event Planners and Venue Managers in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(3), 501, 505, 509. doi: 10.6007/IJARBSS/v9-i3/5709
- Matt Luther, F. G. (2017). An Effective Risk Minimization Strategy Applied to an Outdoor Music Festival: A Multi-Agency Approach. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 33(2), 1 - 2, 4, . doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X18000195
- Megan S. C. Lim, M. E. (2009). Surveillance of drug use among young people attending a music festival in Australia, 2005–2008. Drug and Alcohol Review, 155. doi: 10.1111/j.1465-3362.2009.00090.x
- Nancy A. Haug, R. W. (2023). Risk for Ecstasy Use Disorder and Other Substance Use Among International Users of Recreational Ecstasy/Molly/MDMA. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2023.2227960
- Neeraj Chhabra, R. P. (2017). EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT PATIENT BURDEN FROM AN ELECTRONIC DANCE MUSIC FESTIVAL. The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 1 - 3. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2017.10.007
- New Straits Times. (2023, June 19). [WATCH] #NSTviral: Commotion erupts as Mosh dancers trigger security guards at Jiwa Kacau concert 2023. Retrieved from New Straits Times: https://www.nst.com.my/news/nst-viral/2023/06/921746/watch-nstviral-commotion-erupts-mosh-dancers-trigger-security-guards
- New Straits Times. (2023, May 12). Celebrate music diversity with RWMF. Retrieved from New Straits Times: https://www.nst.com.my/lifestyle/groove/2023/05/908574/showbiz-celebrate-music-diversity-rwmf
- Newport Historical Society. (2021, September 14). Newport Historical Society History Bytes: The 1954 Newport Jazz Festival, in Memory of George Wein. Retrieved from Newport Historical Society.: https://newporthistory.org/history-bytes-the-1954-newport-jazz-festival-in-memory-of-george-wein/
- Norris R. Johnson, J. G. (1977). Crowd Behavior as "Risky Shift": A Laboratory Experiment. Sociometry, 183. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3033521
- Palmer, C. T. (2005). MUMMERS AND MOSHERS: TWO RITUALS OF TRUST IN CHANGING SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTS. 44(2), 147 - 160. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3773994
- Paul Calle, K. M. (2019). Lessons to be learned from toxicological analyses in intoxicated patients and seized materials at an electronic music dance festival. Forensic Science International, 299, 174, 177, . doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.03.047
- Phuong, P. (2023, October). THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF AN INTERNATIONAL CONCERT ON THE LOCALS Case Study of Blackpink's 2023 World Tour Concert in Hanoi, Vietnam. 29. CENTRIA UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES. Retrieved from https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/807647/Phuong_Phat.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y
- Richard A. Krueger, M. A. (2014). Focus groups: A practical guide for applied research (5 edition). Sage Publications.
- Riches, G. (2011). Embracing the Chaos: Mosh Pits, Extreme Metal Music and Liminality. Journal for Cultural Research, 15(3), 315-332, . doi: 10.1080/14797585.2011.594588
- Rosemary Lucy Hill, D. H. (2019). Sexual violence at live music events: Experiences, responses and prevention. International Journal of Cultural Studies, 23(3), 371 - 372, 376, 378, 379, 381. doi: 10.1177/1367877919891730
- Shannon. (2023, August 23). Japanese rock festival cracks down on mosh pits after multiple fans injured. Retrieved from Japan Today: https://japantoday.com/category/national/japanese-rock-festival-cracks-down-on-mosh-pits-after-multiple-fans-injured
- Sherman, M. (2023, December 8). Taylor Swift's Eras Tour is the first tour to gross over $1 billion, Pollstar says. Retrieved from AP News: https://apnews.com/article/taylor-swift-eras-tour-billion-dollar-record-52945111233438b1f2166aa19eee365f
- Shirali Garga, M. T.-L., & Pit, S. (2021). Geosocial Networking Dating App Usage and Risky Sexual Behavior in Young Adults Attending a Music Festival: Cross-sectional Questionnaire Study. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH, 23(4), 1 - 3, 6 - 8. doi: 10.2196/21082
- Statista. (2023, November). Music Events - Malaysia. Retrieved from Statista: https://www.statista.com/outlook/dmo/eservices/event-tickets/music-events/malaysia
- Tania Maria Tangit, S. A. (2016). Lessons in Managing Visitors Experience: The Case of Future Music Festival Asia (FMFA) 2014 in Malaysia. Procedia Economics and Finance, 37, 55 - 56. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(16)30092-2
- Tarlow, P. E. (2002). Crowd control. In P. E. Tarlow, Event Risk Management and Safety (p. 108). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
- Tegan Cruwys, A. K. (2018, May 11). Risk and protective factors for mental health at a youth mass gathering. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 28(2), 1. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-018-1163-7
- ?enu, A. & Ciocoiu, N. C. (2020). Risk Management for Events and Festivals. 119, 125. Trivent Publishing
- Timothy Janchar MD, C. S. (2000). The mosh-pit experience: emergency medical care for concert injuries. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 18(1), 62 - 63. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0735-6757(00)90051-2
- Veera Pandiyan Kaliani Sudram, P. R. (2016 ). Research Methodology Tools, Method and Techniques. Petaling Jaya: Malaysia Logistics and Supply Chain Association.
- Waleed Alhajri, A. T. (2023). Social norms and risks at mass gatherings: A systematic review. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 88, 4, 9 - 12. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103586
- White, A. B. (2019). Violence in the mosh pit: assault within the Australian punk scene. Current Issues in Criminal Justice, 31(1), 40 - 41, 42, 52. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10345329.2018.1556281
- Whyton, T. (2018). Space is the place: European jazz festivals as cultural heritage sites. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 1,3, 5 - 6. doi: 10.1080/13527258.2018.1517375
- Zetlin, M. (2023, October 13). Taylor Swift's Eras Tour Boosted the Economy by $4.6 Billion. Now Here Comes Her Movie. Retrieved from Inc. Magazine: https://www.inc.com/minda-zetlin/taylor-swifts-eras-tour-boosted-economy-by-46-billion-now-here-comes-her-movie.html
Downloads
No downloads have been recorded for this article yet. Figures appear here once readers begin downloading the full text.
How to Cite
Mohamad Halim, C. N. H., Mohd Khir, M., & Roslan, A. (2024). Developing a Predictive Model of Crowd Behavior at Music Concerts and Festivals (MCF): A Proposal for a Research Framework. Information Management and Business Review, 16(3(I), 27-37. https://doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v16i3(I).3923
Share this article
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Cempaka Nur Huda Mohamad Halim, Masrur Mohd Khir, Azreen Roslan (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Author (s) should affirm that the material has not been published previously. It has not been submitted and it is not under consideration by any other journal. At the same time author (s) need to execute a publication permission agreement to assume the responsibility of the submitted content and any omissions and errors therein. After submission of revised paper in the light of suggestions of the reviewers, the editorial team edits and formats manuscripts to bring uniformity and standardization in published material.
This work will be licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) and under condition of the license, users are free to read, copy, remix, transform, redistribute, download, print, search or link to the full texts of articles and even build upon their work as long as they credit the author for the original work. Moreover, as per journal policy author (s) hold and retain copyrights without any restrictions.
Keywords
- Music Concerts and Festivals (MCF) Search this journal for Music Concerts and Festivals (MCF) (opens in a new tab)
- Risky Behavior Search this journal for Risky Behavior (opens in a new tab)
- Predictive Model Search this journal for Predictive Model (opens in a new tab)
- Crowd Safety Incidents Search this journal for Crowd Safety Incidents (opens in a new tab)
Section
Research Paper
Published in
Vol. 16 No. 3(I) (2024)
Event Management, Control Systems & Digital Health
View issue contents
Published
2024-09-06
Submissions
Have research to publish? Information Management and Business Review welcomes submissions.
Make a Submission