Abstract
Throughout history, human societies have emerged and flourished around river valleys, which were essential for their survival. However, contemporary challenges like global climate change, conflicts, water pollution, poverty, and difficult geographical conditions have impacted both the availability and quality of water resources. In Malaysia, water-related challenges have become particularly pressing in several states, especially rural ones. The combination of low population density in these areas and the high costs of building sanitized water supply systems has caused delays in water infrastructure projects. Since 2020, the water waqf has emerged as a promising initiative in Malaysia, spearheaded by Yayasan Wakaf Malaysia (YWM) in partnership with the Ministry of Energy Transition and Water Transformation (PETRA). This approach is also gaining traction in ASEAN countries, such as Indonesia, Cambodia, and Brunei. Although the concept of water waqf is not new, there remains limited research, both theoretical and empirical, on this topic. Therefore, this study aims to examine the role of water waqf as an alternative instrument for sustainable water management in Malaysia and selected ASEAN countries. Using a qualitative, library-based methodology, the study conducts a document analysis of primary source materials from YWM. This analysis includes reviewing annual reports, project documentation, and financial distribution records related to water waqf projects by state, up until December 2023. The findings emphasize the significant potential of water waqf development in addressing water resource challenges, ultimately benefiting society by broadening access to clean water as the concept of water waqf becomes more widely understood.
Keywords
- Transformation Search this journal for Transformation (opens in a new tab)
- Water and Sanitation Search this journal for Water and Sanitation (opens in a new tab)
- Water Waqf Search this journal for Water Waqf (opens in a new tab)
- Sustainability Search this journal for Sustainability (opens in a new tab)
- Quality of Life Search this journal for Quality of Life (opens in a new tab)
References
- Abdul Karim, M. R., & Murad, M. (2010). An analysis of the development of waqf-based water resources in Malaysia. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 26(4), 613-622.
- Abdullah, M. F. (2017). Sejarah Perkembangan Bekalan Air Domestik Di Negeri Kedah Sehingga Tahun 1957. SEJARAH: Journal of the Department of History, 26 (2 December).
- Aminah, S., & Khairul, A. (2021). Water Supply Systems in Cambodia: Challenges and Solutions. Cambodian Journal of Water Resources.
- ASEAN Secretariat. (2022). Overview of ASEAN. ASEAN. Retrieved from https://asean.org/
- Asmuni, S., Baah, R., Yusoff, S., & Ahmad Ridzuan, F. N. S. (2016). Public acceptance and preference towards rainwater harvesting in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Journal of Emerging Economies and Islamic Research, 4(4), 1-11.
- Aziz, A., Ismail, S. B., Ibrahim, M. A. B., & Ismail, M. S. I. B. (2022). Inisiatif Perlaksanaan Wakaf Air Di Malaysia: Pembangunan Dan Perlaksanaan Dari Tahun 2020-2022. Journal of Islamic, 7(45), 81-90.
- Azmi, M. A. A. B., Yusoff, M. N. B., Hanafiah, F. B. M., & Jamaluddin, M. F. S. B. M. (2023). Wakaf Sistem Penuaian Air Hujan (Spah) Sebagai Bekalan Air Alternatif. Journal website: journal. zakatkedah. com.my, 5(1)
- Bakar, N. H., & Rahman, N. S. A. (2021). Wakaf Telaga Sebagai Sumber Air Alternatif: Suatu Tinjauan Buku Dasar Sumber Air negara, 2012, https://www.kasa.gov.my/resources/air/2012_dasar_sumber_air_negara.pdf, 14 Jun 2023.
- Behrens-Abouseif, D. (1994). Islamic Architecture in Cairo: An Introduction. Brill
- Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document Analysis as a Qualitative Research Method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27-40.
- Dompet Dhuafa. (2022). Wakaf Air Program. Dompet Dhuafa. Retrieved from https://www.dompetdhuafa.org/
- Farah, R. (2023). Rainwater Harvesting and Its Impact on Rural Communities. Journal of Environmental Science.
- Fierro, M. (1992). Islamic Spain, 1250 to 1500. Brill
- Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/goal-6-clean-water-sanitation-lesley-mukwada
- Hasan, R., Abdullah, S., & Nordin, N. (2021). Waqf as an instrument for sustainable development goals (SDGs): Conceptual perspectives and policy implications. International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance Studies, 7(1), 25–40.
- Ismail, N. (2022). Islamic governance and the sustainability of natural resources: A maqasid al-shariah approach. Journal of Environmental Management and Islamic Perspectives, 6(3), 77–92.
- Jabatan Kerja Raya Cawangan Air. (1995). Historical Development Of Water Supply In Peninsular Malaysia, Malaysia Water Industry Report.
- Jabatan Alam Sekitar Malaysia. (1974). Akta Kualiti Alam Sekeliling 1974 [Environmental Quality Act 1974]. Dicapai pada 30 Ogos 2024, daripada https://www.doe.gov.my/eqa1974
- Judijanto, S., Malahayati, N., & Anggraeni, F. (2024). Water waqf and community empowerment in Cambodia: Lessons from Islamic philanthropy. Asian Journal of Islamic Philanthropy Studies, 5(1), 22–37.
- Kahf, M. (1998). The Revival of Awqaf in Muslim Countries. Islamic Economic Studies, 6(2), 1-19.
- Kaslam, & Mubarak. (2021). Program Sumur Wakaf Sebagai Solusi Krisis Air Bersih Di Negara-Negara Afrika. Sulesana: Jurnal Wawasan Keislaman, 15(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24252/sulesana. v15i1.18805
- Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
- Lebar, O. (2015). Penyelidikan Kualitatif Pengenalan Kepada Teori dan Metode. Tanjong Malim: Penerbit UPSI.
- Magugudi Makgatho, S. & Elias Musitha, M. (2024). Accounting For Equitable Access And Affordable Water Services In South Africa: Case of the Lephalale Local Municipality, Limpopo Province. International Journal of Business and Social Science (IJBSS). 15 (1). 15-20.
- Mahamod, S.M. (2007). Pembentukan Dana Wakaf Menurut Perspektif Syariah Dan Undang-Undang Serta Aplikasinya Di Malaysia. Jurnal Syariah. Jil. 15. Bil. 2.
- Mayring, P. (2000). Qualitative Content Analysis. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 1(2), Art. 20.
- Md. Khalid, R. A., Ghani, M.A.A., Jalaludin, M. Z., Ab Rahman, S., Yaacub, N.A. (2021). Waqaf Air dan Isu Perundangan di Malaysia. Journal Islamiyyat. 43 (Isu Khas): 165 – 172.
- Mekong Institute. (2023). Advancements in Water Filtration Technologies in Cambodia.
- Mohiddin, M. N. (2021). Philanthropy Culture & Waqf Contribution For Islamic Education in Brunei Darussalam: Budaya Filantropi & Sumbangan Wakaf Untuk Pendidikan Islam Di Negara Brunei Darussalam. al-Qanatir: International Journal of Islamic Studies, 23(2), 1-19.
- Mokhtar, M. I., & Abdullah, R. (2012). Undang-undang air islam: Analisis komparatif terhadap aspek kualiti air: Islamic Law of Water: Comparative Analysis of The Quality Aspects of Water. Jurnal Syariah, 20(2), 185-218.
- Mustajab, D. (2022). Wakaf Produktif Sumber Mata Air Sebagai Upaya Mewujudkan Kesejahteraan Umat Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2004 Tentang Wakaf. Kosmik Hukum, 22(3). https://doi.org/10.30595/kosmikhukum.v22i3.14 153
- Mustapa, J. (2022). Public Health Improvements After Water Projects in Rural Cambodia. Journal of Community Health.
- Nawwaf, & Saifulloh, K. (2023). Peran Wakaf Sumur dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Pamekasan (Studi Kasus Program Yayasan Cahaya Ummat). Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 9(02), 1950-1957. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v9i2.8918
- Portal Yayasan Waqaf Malaysia. Keterangan Borang Permohonan Dana Wakaf Bagi Pelaksanaan Projek Wakaf Air, https://www.ywm.gov.my/aktiviti/126
- Portal Yayasan Waqaf Malaysia. Borang Permohonan Dana Wakaf Bagi Pelaksanaan Projek Wakaf Air. https://www.ywm.gov.my/aktiviti/126
- Pejabat Peguam Negara Malaysia. (1976). Akta Kerajaan Tempatan 1976 [Local Government Act 1976]. Dicapai pada 30 Ogos 2024, daripada http://www.agc.gov.my/localgovact1976
- Peta Sebaran Wakaf Sumur Kehidupan Dompet Dhuafa (2024).
- Purwaningsih, S., & Susilowati, D. (2020). Peran Wakaf Dalam Meningkatkan Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Umat. Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis, dan Akuntansi, 22(2), 191-203.
- Ramli, A.H. & Sulaiman, K. (2006). “Pembangunan Harta Wakaf: Pengalaman Negara-Negara Islam”. Prosiding Konvensyen Wakaf 2006. Hotel Legend, Kuala Lumpur, 12-14 September 2006).
- Rahman, A. (2022). Challenges in the financial transparency of waqf management in Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Economics and Law, 9(1), 55–70.
- Sabiq, S. (2008). Fikih Sunnah. Penerbit Pena.
- Saputra, I., Brilliyandra, F., & Syahpawi, S. (2024). Perkembangan dan Pelaksanaan Lembaga Wakaf di Negara Sekuler (Singapura dan Thailand). Madani: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin, 2(3).
- Shaw, S. J., & Shaw, E. K. (1976). History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey: Volume 1: Empire of the Gazis: The Rise and Decline of the Ottoman Empire, 1280-1808. Cambridge University Press.
- Suja, H. (2022). The Role of Wells in Improving Access to Clean Water. Journal of Islamic Philanthropy.
- Sukereman, A. S. (2017). Rangka Kerja Pelaksanaan Projek Pengurusan Sumber Air Bersepadu Ke Arah Pencapaian Tadbir Urus Air Terbaik. Tesis PhD. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
- Syed Abdullah, S. F., Muhamad, M. D., & Ishak, A. H. (2024). Harim Sebagai Instrumen Kelestarian Sumber Air: Harim As An Instrument For The Sustainability Of Water Resources. al-Qanatir: International Journal of Islamic Studies, 33(3), 55-66
- Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara. (2006). Akta Industri Perkhidmatan Air 2006 [Water Services Industry Act 2006]. Dicapai pada 30 Ogos 2024, daripada https://www.span.gov.my/wsia
- Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), https://www.undp.org/sustainable-development-goals
- Talib, O. (2013). Asas Penulisan Tesis Penyelidikan dan Statistik, c. 2. Serdang: Penerbit UPM.
- Thajudeen, K. S. (2018). Financing water infrastructure: waqf as a solution. International Review of Entrepreneurial Finance, 1(1), 18–32. https://revues.imist.ma/index.php/IREF/article/v iew/12998
- Transformasi Air 2040 Laporan Akhir. (2022).
- Water Action Hub. Water Action Hub. https://www.wateractionhub.org/
- Yayasan Wakaf Malaysia. (2023). Wakaf Air Project. Yayasan Wakaf Malaysia. Retrieved from https://www.ywm.org.my/
- Yegidis, B. L., Weinberg, M. S., & Myers, L. L. (2018). The Social Work Dissertation: A Guide for Students and Faculty. Columbia University Press.
Downloads
No downloads have been recorded for this article yet. Figures appear here once readers begin downloading the full text.
How to Cite
Share this article
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Noor Syahidah Mohamad Akhir, Azrul Shahimy Mohd Yusof, Syaimak Ismail, Asmahani Nayan, Ficha Melina (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Author (s) should affirm that the material has not been published previously. It has not been submitted and it is not under consideration by any other journal. At the same time author (s) need to execute a publication permission agreement to assume the responsibility of the submitted content and any omissions and errors therein. After submission of revised paper in the light of suggestions of the reviewers, the editorial team edits and formats manuscripts to bring uniformity and standardization in published material.
This work will be licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) and under condition of the license, users are free to read, copy, remix, transform, redistribute, download, print, search or link to the full texts of articles and even build upon their work as long as they credit the author for the original work. Moreover, as per journal policy author (s) hold and retain copyrights without any restrictions.
Keywords
- Transformation Search this journal for Transformation (opens in a new tab)
- Water and Sanitation Search this journal for Water and Sanitation (opens in a new tab)
- Water Waqf Search this journal for Water Waqf (opens in a new tab)
- Sustainability Search this journal for Sustainability (opens in a new tab)
- Quality of Life Search this journal for Quality of Life (opens in a new tab)
Section
Published in
Vol. 17 No. 4(I) (2025)
Circular Economy, Civic Technology & Social Innovation
View issue contents
Published
Submissions
Have research to publish? Information Management and Business Review welcomes submissions.
Make a Submission