Abstract
This study measured the efficiency of fixed income unit trust funds and equity unit trust funds for the period of January 2004 to December 2014. A total of 36 fixed income funds and 109 equity funds were evaluated using stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) technique with three inputs (expense ratio, portfolio turnover ratio, and fund management stated fee) and one output variable (return). The econometric technique was used to measure the portfolio efficiency score as well as to compare the efficiency of fixed income funds and equity funds. The results indicated that the average efficiency score for equity unit trust funds was higher than fixed income unit trust funds. Nevertheless, when the samples were categorized into panel data, the average efficiency score for fixed income funds increased throughout ten years. Meanwhile the average score for equity funds was consistent over the years. It shows that time is invariant for equity funds. However, this means that the performance efficiency for both types of funds was considered excellent and efficient. The results indicate that the mean efficiency achieved in unit trust industry is almost 100% of its potential output.
Keywords
- Stochastic Frontier Search this journal for Stochastic Frontier (opens in a new tab)
- Efficiency Search this journal for Efficiency (opens in a new tab)
- Fixed Income Fund Search this journal for Fixed Income Fund (opens in a new tab)
- Equity Fund Search this journal for Equity Fund (opens in a new tab)
- And Unit Trust Performance Search this journal for And Unit Trust Performance (opens in a new tab)
References
- Abdullah, F., Mohamed, S. & Hassan, T. (2002). A Comparative Performance of Malaysian Islamic and Conventional Mutual Funds. Pertanika , 8(2), 30-49.
- Abdullah, F., Hassan, T. & Mohamad, S. (2007). Investigation of performance of Malaysian Islamic unit trust funds: Comparison with conventional unit trust funds. Managerial Finance.
- Abdullah, K. & Abdullah, H. (2009). The performance of Malaysian unit trusts investing in domestic versus international markets. Asian Academy of Management Journal of Accounting and Finance , 5(2), 77– 100.
- Ahmad, M. & Haron, R. (2006). The Comparison of Performance of Islamic and Conventional Unit Trust Funds in Malaysia. In Young Scholars Conference. Retrieved from http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/10836
- Aigner, D. J., Lovell, C. A. & Schmidt, P. (1977). Formulation and estimation of stochastic frontier production models. Journal of Econometrics , 6, 21-37.
- Alam, N., Tang, K. B. & Rajjaque, M. S. (2013). A comparative performance of conventional and Islamic unit trusts: Market timing and persistence evidence. Journal of Financial Services Marketing , 18, 316–326.
- Alexakis, C., Dasilas, A. & Grose, C. (2013). Asymmetric dynamic relations between stock prices and mutual fund units in Japan. An application of hidden cointegration technique. International Review of Financial Analysis , 28, 1–8.
- Annaert, J., Van den Broeck, J. & Vennet, R. V. (2003). Determinants of mutual fund underperformance: A Bayesian stochastic frontier approach. European Journal of Operational Research , 151(3), 617–632.
- Babalos, V., Caporale, G. M. & Philippas, N. (2012). Efficiency evaluation of Greek equity funds. Research in International Business and Finance , 26(2), 317–333.
- Babalos, V., Philippas, N., Doumpos, M. & Zopounidis, C. (2012). Mutual funds performance appraisal using stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis. Applied Mathematics and Computation , 218(9), 5693– 5703.
- Banker, R. D. & Thrall, R. M. (1992). Estimation of returns to scale using data envelopment analysis. European Journal of Operational Research , 62, 74-84.
- Basnayake, B. & Gunaratne, L. (2002). Estimation of Technical Efficiency and It’s Determinants in the Tea Small Holding Sector in the Mid Country Wet Zone of Sri Lanka. Sri Lankan Journal of Agricultural Economics , 4(0), 137–150.
- Basso, A. & Funari, S. (2001). A data envelopment analysis approach to measure the mutual fund performance. European Journal of Operational Research , 135(3), 477–492.
- Cao, C., Chang, E. C. & Wang, Y. (2008). An empirical analysis of the dynamic relationship between mutual fund flow and market return volatility. Journal of Banking and Finance , 32(10), 2111–2123.
- Chen, Y., Ferson, W. & Peters, H. (2010). Measuring the timing ability and performance of bond mutual funds. Journal of Financial Economics , 98, 72–89.
- Coelli, T. J. (1996). A guide to FRONTIER Version 4.1: A computer program for stochastic frontier production and cost function estimation. Working Paper, Centre for Efficiency and Productivity Analysis.
- Cullinane, K., Wang, T. F., Song, D. W. & Ji, P. (2006). The technical efficiency of container ports: Comparing data envelopment analysis and stochastic frontier analysis. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice , 40, 354–374.
- Daraio, C. & Simar, L. (2006). A robust nonparametric approach to evaluate and explain the performance of mutual funds. European Journal of Operational Research , 175, 516–542.
- Fama, E. F. & French, K. R. (2010). Luck versus skill in the cross section of mutual fund returns. Journal of Finance , 65(5), 1915-1947.
- Kaminsky, G. L., Lyons, R. K. & Schmukler, S. L. (2001). Mutual Fund Investment in Emerging Markets: An Overview. The World Bank Economic Review , 15(2), 315–340.
- Kerstens, K., Mounir, A. & De Woestyne, I. V. (2011). Non-parametric frontier estimates of mutual fund performance using C- and L-moments: Some specification tests. Journal of Banking and Finance , 35(5), 1190–1201.
- Kodde, D. A. & Palm, F. C. (1986). Wald criteria for jointly testing equality and inequality restrictions. Econometrics , 54, 1243-1248.
- Land, K. C., Lovell, C. A. K. & Thore, S. (1993). Chance-Constrained Data Envelopment Analysis. Managerial and Decision Economics , 14, 541–554.
- Leong, K. H. & Aw, M. W. (1997). Measuring unit trust fund performance using different benchmarks. Capital Market Review , 5(2), 27–44.
- Li, N. & Lin, C. Y., (2011). Understanding emerging market equity mutual funds: The case of China. Financial Service Review , 20(1), 1-19.
- Low, S. (2007). Malaysian Unit Trusts Funds Performance during Up and Down Market Conditions: A comparison of Market Benchmarks. Managerial Finance , 33(2), 154–166.
- Maheran, N. M. & Masliza, M. (2000). Islamic equity mutual fund performance in Malaysia: Risk and return analysis. Journal of Accounting and Finance , 2, 1–10.
- Mahreen, M. & Nawazish, M. (2011). An Evaluation of Mutual Fund Performance in an emerging economy: The case of Pakistan. The Lahore Journal of Economics , 16, 301-316.
- Murti, B. P. S., Choi, Y. K. & Desai, P. (1997). Efficiency of mutual funds and portfolio performance measurement: a non‐parametric approach. European Journal of Operational Research , 98, 408‐18.
- Norma, M., Salina, K., Zarinah, I. & Rosylin, H. (2010). A comparative analysis of the performance of conventional and Islamic unit trust companies in Malaysia. International Journal of Managerial Finance , 6(1), 24-47.
- Nor Azlida Aleng@Mohamad, W. M. (2010). Technical efficiency og Growth and Income Funds. International Journal of Management Studies , 2, 189-202.
- Nur Azura Sanusi, S. K. (2013). Asset Focus, Contract and Performance of Mutual Fund: Evidence from malaysian's Funds Market. Persidangan Kebangsaan Ekonomi Malaysia ke VII (pp. 542-550). Selangor: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
- Polwitoon, S. (2006). Diversification benefits and persistence of US-based global bond funds q, 30, 2767– 2786.
- Rubio, J. F., Hassan, M. K. & Merdad, H. J. (2012). Non-parametric performance measurement of international and Islamic mutual funds. Accounting Research Journal , 25, 208–226.
- Ross, F., Robin, G. & Singleton, J. C. (2010). New Zealand unit trust disclosure: asset allocation, style analysis, and return attribution. Pacific Accounting Review , 22, 4-21.
- Rozali, M. B. & Abdullah, F. (2006). The performance of Malaysian equity funds. The Business Review , 5(2) Summer, 301.
- Saad, N. M., Majid, M. S. A., Kassim, S., Hamid, Z. & Yusof, R. M. (2010). A comparative analysis of the performance of conventional and Islamic unit trust companies in Malaysia. International Journal of Managerial Finance , 2(1).
- Shamsher, M. & Annuar, M. N. (1995). The performance of unit trusts in Malaysia: Some evidence. Capital Market Review , 3, 51–69.
- Swinkels, L. & Rzezniczak, P. (2009). Performance evaluation of Polish mutual fund managers. International Journal of Emerging markets , 4(1), 26-42.
- Syrjänen, M., Bogetoft, P. & Agrell, P. (2006). Analogous efficiency measurement model based on Stochastic Frontier Analysis (Efficiency benchmarking project B). Helsinki, Finland: Gaia Consulting Oy.
- Taib, M. F. & Isa, M. (2007). Malaysian unit trust aggregate performance. Managerial Finance , 33(2), 102–121.
- Tan, H. C. (1995). The investment performance of unit trust funds in Malaysia. Capital Market Review , 3, 21– 50.
- Tenk, T. T. (2012). The impact of Unit Trust Management Company fund investment on investors' risk. Asian Journal of business and Accounting , 3, 27-54.
- Wong, W. K., Phoon, K. F. & Lean, H. H. (2008). Stochastic dominance analysis of Asian hedge funds. Pacific Basin Finance Journal , 16(3), 204–223.
Downloads
No downloads have been recorded for this article yet. Figures appear here once readers begin downloading the full text.
How to Cite
Share this article
License
Copyright (c) 2015 Aminah Shari, Zahariah Sahudin (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Author (s) should affirm that the material has not been published previously. It has not been submitted and it is not under consideration by any other journal. At the same time author (s) need to execute a publication permission agreement to assume the responsibility of the submitted content and any omissions and errors therein. After submission of revised paper in the light of suggestions of the reviewers, the editorial team edits and formats manuscripts to bring uniformity and standardization in published material.
This work will be licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) and under condition of the license, users are free to read, copy, remix, transform, redistribute, download, print, search or link to the full texts of articles and even build upon their work as long as they credit the author for the original work. Moreover, as per journal policy author (s) hold and retain copyrights without any restrictions.
Keywords
- Stochastic Frontier Search this journal for Stochastic Frontier (opens in a new tab)
- Efficiency Search this journal for Efficiency (opens in a new tab)
- Fixed Income Fund Search this journal for Fixed Income Fund (opens in a new tab)
- Equity Fund Search this journal for Equity Fund (opens in a new tab)
- And Unit Trust Performance Search this journal for And Unit Trust Performance (opens in a new tab)
Section
Published in
Vol. 7 No. 4 (2015)
Public Budgeting, Social Media Marketing & Finance
View issue contents
Published
Submissions
Have research to publish? Information Management and Business Review welcomes submissions.
Make a Submission